基于四因素指数的区域公路网布局方法

发布时间：2018-09-09 17:12

【摘要】：公路交通是社会经济发展的重要支撑,是综合交通运输体系的重要基础。改革开放以来,公路交通尽管实现了快速发展,对社会经济的瓶颈制约得到明显缓解,但并未完全消除,总体不足、结构失衡的矛盾依然十分突出。同时,运输需求的深刻变化、环境资源的日趋紧张,对公路交通的发展提出了新的挑战。在此背景下,公路交通的发展要以运输需求为主导,以社会经济贡献最大化为目标,在环境资源约束条件下最大限度地满足运输需求、节约成本开支,实现运输供给与运输需求的最佳匹配。本文以区域公路网布局为研究对象,基于公路交通的基本产业属性,从价值流转的角度,分析公路建设运行过程中主要相关利益主体的决策目标及其相互关系,选取建设养护成本、土地占用机会成本、运输成本、公路网使用效率四个因素作为决策变量,建立公路网四因素指数。在此基础上,以最大限度地满足运输需求为根本目标,构建区域公路网的布局方法。首先,根据需求节点的连通方式和交通资源的分布情况,将公路网布局形态划分为分散型布局和集中型布局,结合四因素指数分析节点位置、需求分布对两种布局形态系统功能的影响,由此确定区域公路网络的基本格局;其次,建立公路交通线吸引范围模型和需求OD投影模型,模拟公路交通线对周边交通的吸引作用,采用OD聚类分析方法确定区域运输需求轴线,即区域内运输需求分布最为集中的方向,为区域公路网的规划布局标明重点,作为主要公路布局的依据;最后,根据公路的功能分类和节点的层次划分,分别构建干线公路、集散公路和连接公路布局方法,从基础结构连接状态入手,建立以添加虚拟节点为核心内容的优化模型,并引入粒子群算法对模型进行求解。从而得到最终公路网布局方案。方法以运输需求作为公路网规划的主导目标,可实现运输需求和运输供给的最佳匹配,有利于运输需求的最大化实现和公路交通资源的高效配置。在构建现代化综合运输体系过程中,可有效实现“增量”建设和“存量”优化的有机统一,既发挥“增量”的优势,又挖掘“存量”的潜能,以“增量”建设促进“存量”优化,使公路网络系统得到整体优化。
[Abstract]:Highway traffic is an important support of social and economic development and an important foundation of comprehensive transportation system. Since the reform and opening up, although the highway traffic has achieved rapid development, the bottleneck constraints to the social economy have been obviously eased, but not completely eliminated, the overall insufficiency, the contradiction of structural imbalance is still very prominent. At the same time, the profound changes of transportation demand and the increasing shortage of environmental resources pose a new challenge to the development of highway traffic. In this context, the development of highway traffic should take transportation demand as the leading factor, maximize the social and economic contribution, meet the transportation demand to the maximum extent under the constraint of environment and resources, and save the cost. Realize the best match between transportation supply and transportation demand. This paper takes the layout of regional highway network as the research object, based on the basic industrial attributes of highway traffic, from the perspective of value circulation, analyzes the decision-making objectives of the main stakeholders in the process of highway construction operation and their relationship. Four factors such as construction maintenance cost, land occupation opportunity cost, transportation cost and efficiency of highway network are selected as decision variables, and the four factors index of highway network is established. On the basis of this, the layout method of regional highway network is constructed with the aim of meeting the transportation demand to the maximum extent. Firstly, according to the connection mode of demand nodes and the distribution of traffic resources, the layout of highway network is divided into decentralized layout and centralized layout, and the location of nodes is analyzed in combination with four-factor index. The influence of demand distribution on the function of two kinds of layout form system, which determines the basic pattern of regional highway network. Secondly, the model of attracting range of highway traffic line and the OD projection model of demand are established. This paper simulates the attraction effect of highway traffic line to the surrounding traffic, and uses OD cluster analysis method to determine the axis of regional transportation demand, that is, the direction of the most concentrated distribution of transport demand in the region, which indicates the key points for the planning and layout of the regional highway network. As the basis of the main highway layout, finally, according to the functional classification of the highway and the division of the nodes, the layout methods of the trunk highway, the distributed highway and the connecting highway are constructed, starting with the connection state of the infrastructure. An optimization model based on adding virtual nodes is established, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the model. Thus, the final layout scheme of highway network is obtained. Methods taking transportation demand as the main goal of highway network planning, the optimal matching of transport demand and transportation supply can be realized, which is beneficial to the maximization of transport demand and the efficient allocation of highway traffic resources. In the process of constructing modern integrated transportation system, the organic unity of "increment" construction and "stock" optimization can be realized effectively, which not only exerts the advantage of "increment", but also excavates the potential of "stock". The construction of "increment" promotes the optimization of "stock" and makes the highway network system optimize as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412.1

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