帕隆藏布流域海洋性冰川区泥石流特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 09:43

本文选题：帕隆藏布流域 + 冰川　；参考：《西南交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：帕隆藏布流域地处特殊的地形条件和气候环境,是我国海洋性冰川的主要分布地区,由于地质地貌、水文气候等自然环境复杂,导致流域内发生的泥石流灾害成为整个川藏公路灾害类型最多、分布最密、频率最高的路段。频繁发生的泥石流活动,严重阻碍了西部山区经济的发展,使本区生态环境日益恶化。为确保川藏公路的畅通,以及藏东南山区经济的发展和西部大开发战略的顺利实施,本论文在已有资料的基础上,深入研究帕隆藏布流域泥石流特征,尤其冰川泥石流,得出以下成果：1.通过现场考察区段内典型泥石流沟灾害工点,借助航卫片资料,解译出流域两岸沟谷不对称分布,且多分布于峡谷段；然后根据泥石流沟内是否有冰川发育,将泥石流分成冰川型与降雨型两类,并通过比较两者之间流域发育特征的不同,总结出辨别它们的参考标准；最后判定每条沟的泥石流类型。2.采用配方法简单计算降雨型泥石流流量。对于冰川型泥石流,根据降雨条件,分为流域内无雨、冰川区无雨、流域内均有雨三种。泥石流防治设计时,依据流域内的降雨情况,采用相应的流量公式进行计算；否则,用最大值,即流域内均下雨的情况下来设计。然后,就第三类降雨情况的泥石流流量计算进行敏感性分析,确定流量对其影响参数的敏感程度。3.冰川有关的参数不同,其对泥石流的影响也不同。泥石流沟内发育的冰斗冰川或悬冰川右岸多,左岸山谷冰川多,主要与泥石流沟分布的位置、朝向有关。接着,从泥石流的形成条件、活跃性、堵江严重性三方面分别阐述冰川类型对泥石流造成的影响：冰川发育坡度越大,越有利于冰川消融；暴发频繁的泥石流沟内基本上发育有冰斗冰川或者悬冰川,而山谷冰川发育的较少；冰川类型与泥石流的严重性关系不明显,但山谷冰川发育面积较大的沟谷,一旦发生泥石流,其堵江严重性不可估量,堵江的可能性很大。总之,本文希望通过对研究区泥石流重要特征的研究,能为铁路、公路等相关部门在以后的工程勘察与选线设计中给予一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:The Palon Zangbo basin is located in the special terrain and climate environment. It is the main distribution area of oceanic glaciers in China, because of the complex natural environment, such as geology, landform, hydrology and climate, etc. As a result, debris flow disasters in the basin become the most frequently distributed and the most frequent section of highway disasters in Sichuan and Tibet. The frequent occurrence of debris flow seriously hinders the economic development of the western mountainous area and makes the ecological environment of this area deteriorate day by day. In order to ensure the smooth flow of the Sichuan-Tibet highway, the economic development of the mountainous area in the east and south of Tibet and the implementation of the strategy of large-scale development in the west, this paper, on the basis of the existing data, deeply studies the characteristics of debris flow in the Palung Zangbo basin, especially the glacier debris flow. Get the following result: 1. Through field investigation of typical debris flow gully disaster sites in the section, with the help of the data of navigation satellite, the asymmetric distribution of gullies on both sides of the river basin is interpreted, and most of them are distributed in the canyons, and then according to whether there is glacier development in the debris flow gullies, The debris flow is divided into glacier type and rainfall type, and by comparing the different development characteristics of the watershed between them, the reference criteria for distinguishing them are summarized. Finally, the debris flow type of each ditch is determined. 2. The distribution method is used to calculate the flow of rainfall debris flow. For glacial debris flow, there are three types of rain in watershed, glacial region and basin according to rainfall condition. In the design of debris flow prevention and control, the corresponding flow formula is used to calculate the rainfall situation in the basin; otherwise, the maximum value, that is, the rain in the basin, is used to design the design. Then, the sensitivity analysis of debris flow discharge calculation in the third kind of rainfall is carried out to determine the sensitivity of discharge to its influence parameters. The influence of glacier parameters on debris flow is also different. There are more ice bucket glaciers or suspended glaciers on the right bank and more valley glaciers on the left bank in the debris flow gullies, which is mainly related to the location of the debris flow gullies and the orientation of the debris flow gullies. Then, from the forming conditions, activity and the severity of blocking the river, the influence of the glacier type on the debris flow is expounded: the bigger the glacier development slope, the more favorable for the melting of the glacier; In the debris flow gullies with frequent outbreaks, there are basically ice bucket glaciers or suspended glaciers, while the valley glaciers develop less, and the types of glaciers have no obvious relationship with the severity of debris flow, but the valley with large area of valley glacier develops. Once the debris flow occurs, the severity of the river blockage is inestimable, and the possibility of blocking the river is great. In a word, this paper hopes that through the study of the important characteristics of debris flow in the study area, it can be helpful to the railway, highway and other related departments in the future engineering survey and route selection design.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P642.23;P343.6

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