基于遥感数据的滩涂围垦区景观格局分析

发布时间：2018-06-01 18:18

本文选题：景观格局 + 景观指数　；参考：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究对慈溪海涂围垦区景观、江苏海门和连云港海涂围垦区景观进行相关研究。（1）运用遥感信息技术和地理信息处理软件Arcgis、Envi、Erdas等，运用遥感信息技术和地理信息处理软件ArcGIS、ENVI、ERDAS等，对慈溪2000、2006和2013年3期遥感影像进行释译，选取景观格局指数，对慈溪市围垦区13年间景观动态变化过程进行相关研究。结果表明：（1）慈溪围垦区各类景观在时间序列上有着明显差异性变化；（2）围垦区内部景观水平之间的相互转化比较多，突出表现为水体、林地、草地、裸地向建筑与养殖塘等的转化；（3）13年间研究区景观形状变得复杂化，整体景观多样性指数、均匀度指数都有所降低，景观破碎化程度增大。（2）运用RS和GIS技术，以海门1989、2001和2014年3期TM影像为基础数据，计算景观格局指数，对海门市围垦区25年间土地利用变化及其景观格局动态变化过程进行相关研究分析。结果表明：海门的土地利用处于一个快速发展时期，海门围垦区各类景观格局有着明显的时空变化；建筑景观在不断增加，农用地林草地草地面积景观类型在不断减小，水体景观略有变化，其中建筑景观增长速度超过农用地减小速度；25年间研究区景观类型变化不一，整体景观破碎化程度加剧。海门市景观经济效益发展同时，海门市景观生态环境需要进一步提高，不断加大生态环境保护的建设和治理力度。（3）以围垦区地区连云港市区为例，基于Erdas8．7、Arcgis9．0及Fragstats3．3等软件平台，对1987、2000、2014年遥感影像进行解译，应用景观生态学及其他定量分析方法，探讨了近27年来研究区的土地利用和景观格局变化特征，结果表明:围垦区过程明显，城市用地持续增加，主要通过占用农用地来实现。农用地面积减少量在所有土地利用类型中列第一位，面积减少幅度也最大，建筑用地为其主要流向。可从现在大概推出，从20以后年至一段平稳期，围垦沿海地区农用地、林地面积将持续减少，水域和建设用地将逐年增加。人口增长，城市扩展，科技进步是连云港围垦区景观格局变化的主要驱动因数之一,通过本文研究可初步得出结论：今后的城市建设必须采取措施保护区内的弱势景观，如农用地、林地、水体等。经济效益上土地利用景观类型工业利用型大于城市利用型，，而农业利用型最小；生态效益方面是土地利用景观类型工业利用型小于城市利用型，而农业利用型最大。
[Abstract]:The landscape of coastal reclamation area in Cixi, Haimen and Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province was studied. 1) using remote sensing information technology and geographic information processing software Arcgis-Envier Erdas, using remote sensing information technology and geographic information processing software ArcGIS-ENVIIERDAS to interpret and translate three remote sensing images of Cixi in 2006 and 2013, and selecting landscape pattern index. The dynamic changes of landscape in Cixi Reclamation area during 13 years were studied. The results showed that there were obvious differences in time series between different landscape types in Cixi Reclamation area. In the past 13 years, the landscape shape of the study area became more complicated, the diversity index and evenness index of the whole landscape decreased, and the degree of landscape fragmentation increased. (2) based on the TM images of Haimen 19892001 and 2014, the landscape pattern index was calculated by using RS and GIS techniques. The dynamic changes of land use and landscape pattern in the reclamation area of Haimen City during the past 25 years were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the land use of Haimen was in a period of rapid development, and the landscape pattern of all kinds of landscape in Haimen Reclamation area had obvious temporal and spatial changes, the architectural landscape was increasing, and the landscape types of agricultural land, forestry and grassland were decreasing. There were some changes in water landscape, among which the increasing rate of architectural landscape was higher than that of agricultural land reduction. The landscape types of the study area varied in the past 25 years, and the degree of fragmentation of the whole landscape was intensified. At the same time, the landscape ecological environment of Haimen needs to be further improved, and the construction and management of ecological environment protection should be strengthened. Taking Lianyungang urban area in reclamation area as an example, based on Erdas 8.7 Arcgis 9.0 and Fragstats3.3, the remote sensing images of 1987 ~ 2000 and 2014 were interpreted, and landscape ecology and other quantitative analysis methods were applied. The changes of land use and landscape pattern in recent 27 years in the study area were discussed. The results showed that the process of reclamation was obvious and the urban land continued to increase, which was mainly realized by occupying agricultural land. The decrease of agricultural land area is the first among all land use types, and the decrease of area is also the largest, and the construction land is the main flow direction. From now on, from 20 years to a steady period, the area of forest land will continue to decrease, and the water area and construction land will increase year by year. Population growth, urban expansion, scientific and technological progress are one of the main driving factors of landscape pattern change in the reclamation area of Lianyungang. Through the study of this paper, we can draw a preliminary conclusion: in the future urban construction, we must take measures to protect the weak landscape in the protected area. Such as agricultural land, woodland, water, etc. In economic benefits, the industrial utilization type of land use landscape type is larger than that of urban use type, while the agricultural utilization type is the least, and the ecological benefit is that the industrial utilization type of land use landscape type is smaller than that of city utilization type, and the agricultural utilization type is the largest.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P748;P901

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