基于生物质的功能多孔炭材料的制备及性能测试

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:06

本文关键词： 生物质杂原子功能化多孔炭比表面积气体吸附　出处：《燕山大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展,人类面临着日益严峻的能源紧缺与环境污染的挑战,寻找新能源、研究新材料已经成为解决这些问题的重要出路,本文的研究目的是寻找合适的原材料与制备工艺制备出具有优异性能的功能多孔炭材料。本文主要是通过选用生物质及其衍生物作为碳源制备功能多孔炭材料,例如葡萄糖、氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、木糖、蔗糖、头发、豆腐等。采用了不同的方法如水热碳化、高温碳化、化学活化、降解等方法制备出具有丰富杂原子含量、高比表面积与孔容的功能多孔炭材料。通过红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪及元素分析等手段研究了所有制备的材料的结构及表面化学性质,通过氮气吸脱附等温线分析材料的多孔性,并测试了材料的气体吸附性能。本文由糖类衍生物通过化学活化法制备的炭材料具有很高的比表面积(2840 m2 g 1)及优异的CO2吸附性能,吸附量在273 K和1.0 bar条件下达到29.4 wt%;以头发为材料通过降解和炭化/活化法制备的多孔炭HPC-x具有很高的比表面积(2700 m2 g 1),这种材料同时具有丰富的含氮及含硫官能团,更重要的是,由于材料的孔结构及表面功能化基团相互协调影响,材料在表现出优异的CO2(24.0 wt%,273 K和1.0 bar条件下)、CH4(3.04 wt%,273 K和1.0 bar条件下)和H2(2.66 wt%,77 K和1.0 bar条件下)吸附性能;以豆腐为材料通过碳化法制备的多孔炭材料比表面积为1440 m2 g 1,在273 K和1.0 bar条件下具有很高的CO2(22.6 wt%)和CH4(3.02 wt%)吸附性能。本文制备的所有功能多孔炭具有很高的比表面积和优异的气体吸附性能,在气体吸附与存储方面具有潜在的研究价值。同时本文的制备过程也为生物质转化为功能多孔炭材料的提供了新的途径
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, mankind is facing the challenge of energy shortage and environmental pollution. Finding new energy and researching new materials have become an important way to solve these problems. The purpose of this paper is to find suitable raw materials and preparation techniques to prepare functional porous carbon materials with excellent properties. In this paper, biomass and its derivatives are used as carbon sources to prepare functional porous carbon materials, such as glucose. Glucosamine hydrochloride, xylose, sucrose, hair, tofu, etc. Different methods such as hydrothermal carbonization, high temperature carbonization, chemical activation, degradation and other methods have been used to prepare rich hetero-atomic content. Functional porous carbon materials with high specific surface area and pore volume. The structure and surface chemical properties of all the prepared materials were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The porous properties of the materials were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms, and the gas adsorption properties of the materials were tested. In this paper, the carbon materials prepared by chemical activation of carbohydrate derivatives have a very high specific surface area of 2840 m ~ 2 g ~ (-1) and excellent CO2 adsorption properties. The adsorption capacity reached 29.4 wt. at 273K and 1.0 bar. The porous carbon HPC-x prepared by degradation and carbonization / activation with hair as material has a high specific surface area of 2700m2 / g / L, and it has rich nitrogen and sulfur functional groups at the same time. More importantly, due to the coordinated influence of the pore structure and the surface functionalized groups, the materials exhibit excellent adsorption properties under the conditions of 273K and 1.0 bar for CO2(24.0, and for the conditions of 273K and 1.0 bar for Ch _ 4 and H _ 2N _ (2.66) W ~ (t) ~ (77 K and 1.0 bar), respectively. The specific surface area of porous carbon prepared from tofu by carbonization method is 1 440 m 2 g / g, with high adsorption properties of CO2(22.6 WTT and CH4(3.02 WTT at 273K and 1.0 bar. All the functional porous carbon prepared in this paper have high specific ratio. Surface area and excellent gas adsorption properties, It has potential research value in gas adsorption and storage. At the same time, the preparation of this paper also provides a new way to convert biomass into functional porous carbon materials.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB383.4

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