粉煤灰混凝土生命周期社会影响评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 15:48

本文选题：粉煤灰混凝土 + 生命周期社会影响评价　；参考：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：当前我国社会正在向可持续社会转变,生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)作为一种客观的评价环境影响的方法己得到广泛应用,给设计师、决策者提供了定量设计、评价及决策支持。然而LCA的研究主要集中在生态以及经济可持续领域,由于对社会可持续的理解不够全面、深入,社会因素方面的研究常常受到忽视,从而可能会造成潜在的人员安全、心理等社会问题。在这种情况下,2009年,联合国环境署和国际环境毒理学和化学学会提出了S-LCA (Social-Life Cycle Assessment, S-LCA)的概念,作为传统LCA方法在社会因素层面的补充,用以评估全球范围内产品全寿命周期中产生的社会影响。由于S-LCA发展时间较短,土木工程领域的S-LCA研究基本处于空白。目前,我国正在进行世界上最大规模的基础设施建设,混凝土用量巨大。而粉煤灰作为一种从火力发电厂燃烧煤粉的锅炉烟气中收集的粉状灰粒,能将其作为辅助胶凝材料替代水泥来生产各种混凝土制品和构件。现在已有大量关于粉煤灰混凝土力学性能的研究；但在可持续性方面,既往研究大多只采用生命周期评价来研究的粉煤灰混凝土的生命周期环境影响,并不能得到一个全面的综合评价结果。仅以环境和经济效益来衡量粉煤灰混凝土的可持续性是片面的,也不利于粉煤灰混凝土在实际工程中的推广应用,粉煤灰混凝土的可持续性应该从环境和经济和社会效益三个方面综合考虑。因此本文首先基于S-LCA理论对粉煤灰混凝土进行生命周期社会影响评价,并将其结果用于实现基于环境、经济和社会多角度的综合可持续评价。本文的主要研究内容包括： (1)基于S-LCA技术框架,提出了粉煤灰混凝土生命周期社会影响定量化分析模型,为全面定量分析粉煤灰混凝土社会影响奠定基础。 (2)对不同粉煤灰掺量下粉煤灰混凝土的生命周期社会影响评价进行实例研究,找到不同粉煤灰掺量粉煤灰混凝土在生命周期社会影响上的差异,分析其社会影响关键因素并提出改善建议。 (3)提出了考虑粉煤灰混凝土生命周期环境、经济、社会影响的综合可持续性评价模型,并提出用生态效率(Eco-efficienc y)的指标来衡量粉煤灰混凝土的综合可持续性能,并结合粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度,对五组不同粉煤灰掺量配合比下的粉煤灰混凝土进行案例研究。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: at present, our society is changing to sustainable society. As an objective method of evaluating environmental impact, life cycle assessment has been widely used, which provides quantitative design, evaluation and decision support to designers and decision makers. However, the study of LCA is mainly focused on ecological and economic sustainability. Because of the lack of comprehensive and in-depth understanding of social sustainability, social factors are often ignored, which may lead to potential human safety. Psychological and social problems In this context, in 2009, the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry introduced the concept of S-LCA Social-Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) as a complement to the traditional LCA approach at the social factor level. Used to assess the social impact of the life cycle of products worldwide. Because of the short development time of S-LCA, the research of S-LCA in civil engineering field is basically blank. At present, our country is carrying on the largest scale infrastructure construction in the world, the concrete quantity is huge. Fly ash, as a kind of pulverized ash particles collected from boiler flue gas of coal-fired power plant, can be used as auxiliary cementing material instead of cement to produce various concrete products and components. There has been a great deal of research on the mechanical properties of fly ash concrete. However, in terms of sustainability, most previous studies only use life cycle assessment to study the impact of fly ash concrete on the life cycle environment. A comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation is not available. It is one-sided to measure the sustainability of fly ash concrete only by environmental and economic benefits, and it is not conducive to the popularization and application of fly ash concrete in practical projects. The sustainability of fly ash concrete should be considered from environmental, economic and social aspects. In this paper, the life cycle social impact assessment of fly ash concrete is carried out based on S-LCA theory, and the results are used to realize the comprehensive sustainable assessment based on environment, economy and society. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) based on the technical framework of S-LCA, the quantitative analysis model of the social impact of fly ash concrete life cycle is put forward, which lays a foundation for the overall quantitative analysis of the social impact of fly ash concrete. 2) A case study on the life cycle social impact assessment of fly ash concrete with different fly ash content is carried out, and the difference of life cycle social impact of fly ash concrete with different fly ash content is found. Analyze the key factors of its social impact and put forward suggestions for improvement. The comprehensive sustainability evaluation model considering the environment, economy and social impact of fly ash concrete is put forward, and the index of ecological efficiency (Eco-efficiency) is proposed to measure the comprehensive sustainability of fly ash concrete. Combined with the compressive strength of fly ash concrete, five groups of fly ash concrete with different mixing ratio of fly ash were studied.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU528

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