巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊及地下水化学特征

通过对巴丹吉林沙漠丘间湖泊和古日乃、雅布赖、阿拉善右旗等地及其周围浅层地下水离子化学成分分析，探讨了沙漠地区湖水与地下水化学成分特点、水化学类型、空间变化和湖水补给来源。结果显示，巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率均远远大于地下水。湖水样品中Na+和Cl-含量占绝对优势，大多数盐度较高的湖泊属于Na(K)-Cl-(SO4)型，个别盐度较低的微咸湖属于Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3)型。地下水的化学类型多数为Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3)型，属微咸水，个别为Na-Cl-SO4型的咸水。沙漠东南部湖群水的pH值、盐度、TDS和电导率比较低，呈微碱性，属微咸湖；而北部湖群水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率远远大于东南部湖群，呈中等碱性，为盐水湖。湖水离子化学特征显示沙漠东南部湖群自南向北的演化趋势为微咸湖→咸水湖→盐水湖。湖水离子化学成分短时间序列变化指示，近9年宝日陶勒盖、巴丹东湖、巴丹西湖、诺尔图、呼和吉林湖水中的大多数离子的含量有所降低，表明其近9年来淡水补给量增多。湖水化学成分与湖水位高度显示，巴丹吉林沙漠湖群湖水流向是由东南流向西北。水化学成分和水位分布高度表明，该区沙漠湖水主要来自当地降水补给和来自沙漠东南缘雅布赖山和南缘的黑山头山地降水的补给，，而来自祁连山区来水补给的可能性很小。

[1]  JohnBGates,WMikeEdmunds,WGeorgeDarlingetal.ConceptualmodelofrechargetosoutheasternBadainJaranDesertgroundwaterandlakesfromenvironmentaltracers.AppliedGeochemistry,2008,23:3519-3534.

[2]  YanMancun,WangGuangqian,DongGuangrongetal.Studyonmega-dunesdevelopmentandenvironmentalchangeinBadainJaranDesert.JournalofDesertResearch,2001,21(4):361-368.[闫满存,王光谦,董光荣等.巴丹吉林沙漠沙山发育与环境演变研究.中国沙漠,2001,21(4):361-368.]

[3]  MaJinzhu,ChenFahu,ZhaoHua.ChangeonclimatechangeandgroundwaterrechargefromthegeochemicalrecordsofunsaturatedzoneintheBadanJaranDesertintherecent1000years.ChineseScienceBulletin,2004,49(1):22-27.[马金珠,陈发虎,赵华.1000年以来巴丹吉林沙漠地下水补给与气候变化的包气带地球化学记录.科学通报,2004,49(1):22-27.]

[4]  MaJinzhu,LiDing,LiXianghuetal.ChlorideasatracerandclimaticchangerecordfromunsaturatedzoneofBadainJaranDesert.JournalofDesertResearch,2004,24(6):674-680.[马金珠,李丁,李相虎等.巴丹吉林沙漠包气带Cl-示踪与气候记录研究.中国沙漠,2004,24(6):674-680.]

[5]  HuangTianming,PangZhonghe.GroundwaterrechargeinBadainJaranDesertandGurinaioasisbasedonenvironmentaltracers.Geosciences,2007,21(4):624-632.[黄天明,庞忠和.应用环境示踪剂探讨巴丹吉林沙漠及古日乃绿洲地下水补给.现代地质,2007,21(4):624-632.]

[6]  MaJinzhu,HuangTianming,DingZhenyuetal.EnvironmentalisotopesastheindicatorsofthegroundwaterrechargeinthesouthBadainJaranDesert.AdvancesinEarthScience,2007,22(9):922-931.[马金珠,黄天明,丁贞玉等.同位素指示的巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地下水补给来源,地球科学进展,2007,22(9):922-931.]

[7]  ZhaoJingbo,ShaoTianjie,HouYuleetal.Studyonmoisturecontentofsandlayeranditsorigininamega-duneareaintheBadainJaranDesert.JournalofNaturalResources,[赵景波,邵天杰,侯雨乐等.巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山区沙层含水量与水分来源探讨.自然资源学报,网络优先出版地址:]

[8]  ShaoTianjie,ZhaoJingbo,LiEnjuetal.Grainsizecompositionoftypicalmega-duneinBadainJaranDesert.ScientiaGeographicaSinica,2010,30(5):790-796.[邵天杰,赵景波,李恩菊等.巴丹吉林典型高大沙山粒度分布规律研究.地理科学,2010,30(5):790-796.]

[9]  ZhaoJingbo,ShaoTianjie,LuXiaohuetal.ThestudyonCO2concentrationandthediurnalvariationlawsofthehighestmegaduneinBadainJaranDesert.GeographicalResearch,2010,29(11):1994-2005.[赵景波,邵天杰,吕晓虎等.巴丹吉林最高沙山区CO2浓度与昼夜变化规律.地理研究,2010,29(11):1994-2005.]

[10]  ZhuZhendai,WuZheng,LiuShuetal.AnOutlineofChineseDeserts.rev.ed.Beijing:SciencePress,1980:1-3,17-19.[朱震达,吴正,刘恕等.中国沙漠概论.修订版.北京:科学出版社,1980:1-3,17-19.]

[11]  MouShifen,LiuKena.ApplicationofIonChromatographyandMethod.Beijing:ChemicalIndustryPress,2000:64-128.[牟世芬,刘克纳.离子色谱方法及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2000:64-128.]

[12]  NationalTechnologyAgencyofChina.MethodsforExaminationofDrinkingNaturalMineralWater.Beijing:StandardsPressofChina,1996:2-147.[国家技术监督局.饮用天然矿泉水检验方法(中华人民共和国国家标准).北京:中国标准出版社,1996:2-147.]

[13]  MaNina,YangXiaoping.EnvironmentalisotopesandwaterchemisteryintheBadainJaranDesertandinitssoutheasternadjacentareas,InnerMongoliaandtheirhydrologicalimplications.QuaternarySciences,2008,28(4):702-712.[马妮娜,杨小平.巴丹吉林沙漠及其东南边缘地区水化学和环境同位素特征及其水文学意义.第四纪研究,2008,28(4):702-712.]

[14]  ChenJiansheng,FanZhechao,WangJiyangetal.IsotopemethodsforstudyingthereplenishmentofthelakesanddownstreamgroundwaterintheBadainJaranDesert.ActaGeosicientiaSinica,2003,24(6):497-504.[陈建生,凡哲超,汪集旸等.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊及其下游地下水同位素分析.地球学报,2003,24(6):497-504.]

[15]  ChenJiansheng,Liling,WangJiyangetal.Groundwatermaintainsdunelandscape.Nature,2004,432:459-460.

[16]  ChenJiansheng,ZhaoXia,ShengXuefenetal.ResearchonformationmechanismofmegadunesandlakesintheBadainJaranDesert.ChineseScienceBulletin,2006,51(23):2789-2796.[陈建生,赵霞,盛雪芬等.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群与沙山形成机理研究.科学通报,2006,51(23):2789-2796.]

[17]  MaJinzhu,LiDing,ZhangJianmingetal.Groundwaterrechargeandclimaticchangeduringthelast1000yearsfromunsaturatedzoneofSEBadainJaranDesert.ChineseScienceBulletin,2003,48(14):1469-1474.

[18]  MaJinzhu,WangShuiian,EdmundsWM.ThecharacteristicsofgroundwaterresourcesandtheirchangesundertheimpactsofhumanactivityinthearidNorthwestChina:CasestudyoftheShiyangRiverBasin.JournalofAridEnvironment,2005,61:277-295.

[19]  GaoQuanzhou,TaoZhen,DongGuangrongetal.TheCharacteristicsofsedimentsgeochemistryinChagelebulusectionintheBadainJaranDesert.ActaGeographicaSinica,1998,53(suppl.):44-52.[高全洲,陶贞,董光荣等.巴丹吉林沙漠查格勒布鲁剖面沉积地球化学特征.地理学报,1998,53(增刊):44-52.]

[20]  YangYi,LiBaosheng,LiYunzhuoetal.Palaeo-climatechangeindicatedfromfluctuationsoftraceelementssince150kaBPinChagelebustratigraphicalsection,BadainJaranDesert.JournalofDesertResearch,2007,27(1):1-8.[杨艺,李保生,李云卓等.巴丹吉林沙漠查格勒布剖面微量元素反映的150kaBP以来的气候变化.中国沙漠，2007,27(1):1-8.]

[21]  H？lzS,PolagD,BeckenMetal.ElectromagneticandgeoelectricinvestigationoftheGurinaiStructure,InnerMongolia,NWChina.Tectonophysics,2007,445(1/2):26-48.

[22]  DongZhibao,WangTao,WangXunming.GeomorphologyofthemegadunesintheBadainJaranDesert.Geomorphology,2004,60(1/2):191-203.

[23]  DongZhibao,QianGuangqiang,LuoWanyinetal.Eomorphologicalhierarchiesforcomplexmega-dunesandtheirimplicationsformega-duneevolutionintheBadainJaranDesert.Geomorphology,2009,106(3/4):180-185.

[24]  YangXiaoping.LandscapeevolutionandprecipitationchangesintheBadainJaranDesertduringthelast30,000years.ChineseScienceBulletin,2000,45:1042-1047.[杨小平.近3万年来巴丹吉林沙漠的景观发育与雨量变化.科学通报,2000,45(4):428-433.]

[25]  YangXiaoping,MartinA,WilliamsJ.TheionchemistryoflakesandlateHolocenedesiccationintheBadainJaranDesert,InnerMongolia,China.Catena,2003,51:45-60.

[26]  YangXiaoping.DiscoveryofcalcareouscementationlayersandtheirpaleoclimaticimplicationsintheBadainJaranDesert.QuaternarySciences,2000,20(3):295-297.[杨小平.巴丹吉林沙漠地区钙质胶结层的发现及其古气候意义.第四纪研究,2000,20(3):295-297.]

[27]  YangXiaoping,LouisAScuderi.HydrologicalandclimaticchangesindesertsofChinasincethelatePleistocene.QuaternaryResearch,2010,73:1-9.

[28]  YanMancun,WangGuangqian,LiBaoshengetal.FormationandgrowthofhighmegadunesinBadainJaranDesert.ActaGeographicaSinica,2001,56(1):83-91.[闫满存,王光谦,李保生等.巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山的形成发育研究.地理学报,2001,56(1):83-91.]

[29]  YanMancun,WangGuangqian,LiBaoshengetal.PleistocenepaleowinddirectionchangeintheBadainJarandesertanditsenvironmentalsignificance.JournalofTsinghuaUniversity:ScienceandTechnology,2001,41(11):118-122.[闫满存,王光谦,李保生等.巴丹吉林沙漠更新世古风向变化及环境意义.清华大学学报:自然科学版,2001,41(11):118-122.]

[30]  HuangXiquan.Hydrology.Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2000:150-151.[黄锡荃.水文学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:150-151.]

[31]  [25YangXiaoping,LiuTungsheng,XiaoHonglang.EvolutionofmegadunesandlakesintheBadainJaranDesert,InnerMongolia,Chinaduringthelast31000years.QuaternaryInternational,2003,104:99-112.

[32]  MaJinzhu,EdmundsWM,HeJianhuaetal.A2000yeargeochemicalrecordofpalaeoclimateandhydrologyderivedfromdunesandmoisture.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2009,276:38-46.

[33]  MaJinzhu,EdmundsWM.GroundwaterandlakeevolutionintheBadainJaranDesertecosystem,InnerMongolia.HydrogeologyJournal,2006,14(7):1231-1243.

[34]  YangXiaoping.WaterchemistryofthelakesintheBadainJaranDesertandtheirHoloceneevolutions.QuaternarySciences,2002,22(2):97-104.[杨小平.巴丹吉林沙漠腹地湖泊的水化学特征及其全新世以来的演变.第四纪研究,2002,22(2):97-104.]

[35]  YangXiaoping.ChemistryandlatequaternaryevolutionofgroundandsurfacewatersintheareaofYabulaiMountains,westernInnerMongolia,China.Catena,2006,66:135-144.

[36]  DingHongwei,ZhangJu.GoechemicalpropertiesandevolutionofgroundwaterbeneaththeHexiCorridor,GansuProvince.AridZoneResearch,2005,22(1):24-29.[丁宏伟,张举.河西走廊地下水水化学特征及其演化规律.干旱区研究,2005,22(1):24-29.]

[37]  WangQiyou.TheexploitationofgroundwaterintheplainofHexiCorridorinGansuProvince.GansuHydropowerTechnology,2004,40(3):202-204.[王启优.甘肃省河西走廊平原区地下水可开采量探讨.甘肃水利水电技术,2004,40(3):202-204.]

[38]  DingHongwei,ZhangJu.OccurrenceanddevelopmentofdeepundergroundwaterinHexiCorridor.NorthwesternGeology,2009,42(3):109-120.[丁宏伟,张举.河西走廊深层地下水的赋存和开发.西北地质,2009,42(3):109-120.]