山区河流拱桥船撞风险评估与防撞措施研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 22:02

本文关键词：山区河流拱桥船撞风险评估与防撞措施研究　出处：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：船桥碰撞的研究对降低桥梁碰撞风险，减少公共财产损失具有重大的作用。随着三峡库区蓄水的完成，河流水位落差大大增加，已建成拱桥桥梁将面临更大的船舶撞击风险。对库区每座桥梁进行船撞风险研究很有必要，但是耗资巨大且难以实施，而且还有很多不可预料因素。为了节约时间和经济成本，本文以实际工程为背景，选取两座具有代表性的拱桥进行数值分析模拟，以期取得可靠的分析结果，并对拱桥船撞防护措施提出一些建议。本文主要做了以下几个方面的分析研究：对船桥碰撞中桥梁构件的极限侧抗力计算原理进行了阐述，并且对拱桥水中墩和拱圈分别进行了抗力计算，为船舶撞击力提供计算基础。在桥梁船撞概率模型计算方面，由于山区河流的特点和拱桥的形式特点，在比较了国内外应用较为广泛的概率模型的基础上，选取了三概率积分模型对山区拱桥河流进行碰撞概率计算，计算在不同水位下，不同年限内各个墩和拱圈的年碰撞概率和年倒塌概率，得出随着水位的上涨和船舶通航次数的增加，碰撞概率会逐渐增大，因此很有必要增加桥梁防撞设施。本文在计算船舶撞击力方面采用大型有限元软件LS-DYNA进行分析计算，，在对下承式拱桥进行模拟时，桥墩均采用实体单元模拟，上部结构采用梁单元模拟，得出较为满意的模拟效果，在对上承式拱桥进行模拟时，拱圈均采用实体单元进行模拟，分别计算船头，甲板室，桅杆的撞击力。针对不同工况的模拟结果，得出每种工况下船舶撞击力均在桥墩极限抗力之下，桥墩和拱圈均安全。在防撞设施选取方面，本文着重介绍了防撞设施设计原理和原则以及目前主要的防撞设施。针对山区拱桥河流具体情况，把桥梁防护措施分为桥墩防护和拱圈防护两个方面，分别提出了几种防护建议。
[Abstract]:The research of ship bridge collision to reduce bridge collision risk, and plays an important role to reduce the loss of public property. With the completion of the Three Gorges reservoir, the river water level drop increases greatly, has built a bridge arch bridge will face the risk of collision of ship more. The reservoir every bridge is necessary Research on the risk of ship collision, but is costly and difficult to the implementation, but there are many unpredictable factors. In order to save time and cost, this paper selects two representative arch bridge by numerical analysis and simulation, to obtain reliable results in order, and put forward some suggestions on protection measures of arch bridge ship collision. This paper mainly studied the following the:
Elaborates the ultimate side resistance of the bridge collision components calculation principle, and on the pier and arch bridge in water were calculated on the basis of calculation of resistance, in order to provide force of ship collision.
The probability of collision model in ship bridge calculation, because the form features and characteristics of arch bridge in mountainous rivers, based on comparing the probability model at home and abroad are widely used on the selected three probability integral model of collision probability calculation of mountain rivers are calculated in the arch bridge, different water level, each pier and arch ring in different period the collision probability and the probability of collapse with the increase of the year, and the number of ship navigation rising water level, the collision probability will increase gradually, so it is necessary to increase the bridge protection facilities.
Based on the calculation of ship impact force are calculated using the finite element software LS-DYNA, the arch bridge is simulated, piers are simulated by solid element, the upper structure is simulated by beam element, the simulation results are satisfactory, the arch bridge is simulated when the arch ring are made of solid unit simulation, calculated the bow, deckhouses, impact force of the mast. According to the simulation results of different working conditions, the ship impact force are each condition under the pier limiting force, pier and arch are safe.
In the selection of anti-collision facilities, this paper introduces the design principle and the principle of protection facilities and the main anti-collision facilities. For the mountain river bridge to bridge the specific circumstances, protective measures can be divided into two aspects of pier protection and arch protection, are put forward several protection suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U443.26

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