港内波浪要素计算方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 03:21

本文关键词：港内波浪要素计算方法研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在港口工程建设过程中，为减小波浪对港区的影响，通常在外侧建设防波堤进行掩护，进行港内波浪要素计算是衡量防波堤掩护效果的重要手段，因此，研究港内波浪要素的计算方法十分重要。波浪从外海向近海、特别是港内传播的过程中，受到浅水变形、折射、底摩擦等各种作用的影响，当遇到防波堤的掩护传播到港池内部时，发生绕射，进入港池内部后，又受到反射等作用的影响，多种作用的影响使得波浪到达近岸后的传播变得复杂，也使得计算过程变得复杂。在进行设计波浪要素计算时，常用方法是根据《海港水文规范》计算，即先利用规范方法出计算波浪绕射系数和反射系数、然后再计算出港内计波浪要素。随着现代计算机技术的发展，数学模型计算技术也不断的发展和完善，成为比较成熟的计算方法。另外，物理模型作为一种与工程实际最为相似的模拟手段，在港内波浪要素研究中也起着不可忽视的作用。在不同工程港内波浪要素计算时，不同方法得到的结果往往有差异。由于设计时间紧，对大多数工程一般通过一种方法计算，缺少对三种常用方法结果对比研究。本文选取了单突堤、双突堤、岛式堤三种布置型式的防波堤作为典型工程案例，利用规范计算方法、数学模型计算方法分别进行了港内波浪计算，并与物理模型试验的结果进行了对比，通过分析给出了防波堤为单突堤、双突堤、岛式堤等不同布置型式时三种方法得到结果之间的差异性和在计算不同防波堤布置型式下港内波浪要素时不同方法的适用性。 1、防波堤为单突堤型式布置时，对于防波堤掩护作用较好的波向，在计算港内波浪要素时，波浪绕射为主导作用，用规范方法计算波浪的绕射作用和用数学模型计算方法及物理模型方法综合计算所得结果差异不大，三种方法的适用性均较好; 2、防波堤为单突堤型式布置时，对于防波堤掩护作用较差的波向，在计算港内波浪要素时，需综合考虑折射、绕射、反射等作用的影响，数学模型方法的适用性优于规范计算方法； 3、防波堤为双突堤型式布置时，受防波堤走向、港池形状及港池内岸壁结构型式等多方面的影响，港内波浪分布状况复杂，，规范计算方法和数学模型计算方法在某些区域的计算结果差异偏大，需通过物理模型试验研究确定港内波浪要素； 4、防波堤为岛式型式布置时，在防波堤掩护区内，波浪绕射作用占据了主导地位，用规范方法直接计算绕射波高或者用数模方法计算均可以很好的体现出防波堤的掩护效果。 5、防波堤为岛式型式布置时，在防波堤非掩护区内，数模方法可以很好的体现出波浪的反射作用和水深变化的影响，仅仅用规范方法计算波浪绕射产生的结果误差较大，需分别计算波浪反射和水深影响； 6、当产生越浪时，在计算港池内建筑物前的波要素时不能简单依靠规范计算方法或数学模型计算方法计算波浪要素，需结合建筑物结构型式及水深变化计算越浪量。
[Abstract]:In the process of harbor engineering construction , in order to reduce the effect of wave on harbor area , it is usually used to cover the outer side construction breakwater , and the calculation of wave element in port is an important means to measure the protection effect of breakwater . Therefore , it is very important to study the calculation method of wave element in port . The influence of waves from the outer sea to the sea , especially in the harbor , is influenced by the effects of shallow water deformation , refraction , bottom friction and so on . In the calculation of wave elements in different engineering ports , the results of different methods are often different . Due to the tight design time , three types of breakwater are usually calculated by one method , and compared with the results of physical model tests . The difference between the results and the applicability of different methods in the calculation of wave elements in different breakwater arrangements are given . 1 . When the breakwater is a single - burst type arrangement , the wave direction is better for the protection of the breakwater , and the wave diffraction is dominant when the wave element is calculated in the harbor . The calculation method of wave diffraction and the calculation method of mathematical model and the comprehensive calculation of the physical model method are not large , and the applicability of the three methods is better ; 2 . When the breakwater is a single - burst type arrangement , the wave element of the breakwater is worse than that of the breakwater , and the effect of refraction , diffraction , reflection and the like is comprehensively considered when the wave elements in the harbor are calculated , and the applicability of the mathematical model method is superior to the standard calculation method ; 3 . When the breakwater is of the type of the double - dike , the wave distribution in the harbor is complex , the standard calculation method and the mathematical model calculation method are quite different in some areas due to the influence of the direction of the breakwater , the shape of the harbor basin and the structure of the shore wall in the harbor basin , and the wave elements in the harbor are determined through the physical model test . 4 . When the breakwater is of the island type , the wave diffraction function occupies the dominant position in the protection area of the breakwater , and the shielding effect of the breakwater can be calculated directly by using the standard method directly or by using the numerical model method . 5 . When the breakwater is of the island type , in the non - cover area of the breakwater , the numerical simulation method can reflect the influence of wave reflection and water depth , and only use the standard method to calculate the effect of wave reflection and water depth ; 6 . When the wave element is generated , the wave element can not be calculated simply by means of the standard calculation method or the mathematical model calculation method when the wave element in the harbor basin is calculated , and the wave element needs to be calculated in combination with the structure type of the building and the water depth change .

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U656.2;TV139.2

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