不定期运输船舶调度及航速优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 08:29

本文关键词：不定期运输船舶调度及航速优化研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：船舶调度是不定期运输运力资源优化配置最重要的一个方面,直接决定船舶的经济效益和航运企业的总体利润收入。在船舶调度涉及的各项决策中,航速优化是关键环节,它直接决定航次变动成本和船舶运用效率。面对航运市场持续低迷、能源价格居高不下的现实环境,开展船舶调度与航速优化研究有利于航运企业控制燃油成本、合理调配与运用运力资源、改善经营绩效。同时,这项研究对于海上运输系统实现节能减排的目标具有重要意义。在系统归纳和分析航速优化、船舶调度以及其他相关领域的研究成果后,发现目前针对航速进行的优化研究缺乏对航次租船合同下装卸货时间要求的考虑；多货物、多港口、多航线和多船舶的船舶调度与航速优化问题还没有很好的解决；缺少对需求变动的船舶调度与航速优化问题的研究。围绕这些问题,本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究： 1考虑航次租船合同中有关货物装卸的服务时间要求,提出带有时间窗约束的非线性规划模型,解决多港口挂靠、允许同时载运多票货物的复杂航线上的船速优化问题,同步实现连续航次经济效益估算与最佳船速选择。基于模型的结构特征,应用外点法与模矢搜索算法进行求解。 2综合分析航速对船舶航行时间和燃油成本的影响,实际载货量对运费收入、运输成本和装卸货时间的影响,建立货量可变的船舶调度与航速优化模型,实现对货载选择与分配、航线配船、船舶定线与最佳航速选择的联合优化。开发基于集合分割的两阶段求解算法,对大规模非线性混合整数规划问题实施有效的分解、降维、简化计算流程。第一阶段由枚举法、航线0-1矩阵图和求解具有相同结构的小规模非线性规划模型构造单船可行调度方案；第二阶段分割集合优选实现船队总收益最大的船舶调度方案。通过不同规模的案例实验计算,分析与验证船舶速度和可变货量对船队总体收益和船舶运行方案的影响。 3提出与解决考虑市场需求变动的船舶调度与航速优化问题。基于是否允许改变船舶原航线将该问题细分为原航线不变单一货物问题、原航线不变多个货物、原航线可变单一货物和原航线可变多个货物等四类。采取系统分析和分类优化的思维,针对不同类别的问题分别建立具有针对性的非线性规划模型和提出求解方法。
[Abstract]:Ship scheduling is one of the most important aspects of the optimal allocation of transportation capacity resources. It directly determines the economic benefits of ships and the overall profit income of shipping enterprises. Speed optimization is the key link, which directly determines the variable cost of voyage and the efficiency of ship operation. In the face of the continuous downturn of shipping market, energy prices remain high in the real environment. The research on ship scheduling and speed optimization is helpful for shipping enterprises to control fuel cost, reasonably allocate and use capacity resources, and improve business performance. This research is of great significance for marine transportation system to achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. After systematically summarizing and analyzing the research results of speed optimization, ship dispatch and other related fields, it is found that the current research on speed optimization lacks the consideration of loading and unloading time requirements under voyage charter party. The problems of ship scheduling and speed optimization for multi-cargo, multi-port, multi-route and multi-vessel are not well solved. There is a lack of research on ship scheduling and speed optimization with changing demand. Around these problems, this paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1. Considering the service time requirement of cargo loading and unloading in voyage charter party, a nonlinear programming model with time window constraint is proposed to solve the problem of multi-port connection. The optimization problem of ship speed on complex routes that allow multi-ticket cargo to be carried at the same time can simultaneously realize the economic benefit estimation and optimal speed selection of continuous voyages. The structural features based on the model are presented. The external point method and the modular search algorithm are used to solve the problem. (2) comprehensively analyzing the influence of speed on ship's sailing time and fuel cost, and the influence of actual cargo load on freight revenue, transportation cost and loading and unloading time, and establishing a ship scheduling and speed optimization model with variable volume. The joint optimization of cargo selection and distribution, ship routing, ship alignment and optimal speed selection is realized. A two-stage algorithm based on set segmentation is developed. The large scale nonlinear mixed integer programming problem is decomposed effectively, the dimension is reduced, and the calculation flow is simplified. The first stage is enumeration method. The route 0-1 matrix graph and the small scale nonlinear programming model with the same structure are used to construct a single ship feasible scheduling scheme. In the second stage, the ship scheduling scheme with the largest total revenue is realized by the optimal selection of segmented sets. The experimental calculation is carried out with different scale cases. The effects of ship speed and variable volume on the overall fleet revenue and ship operation plan are analyzed and verified. 3 propose and solve the problem of ship scheduling and speed optimization considering the change of market demand. Based on whether the original route is allowed to be changed, the problem is subdivided into the original route unchanged single cargo problem, and the original route does not change a number of cargo. The original route variable single cargo and the original route variable multiple cargo. The thinking of system analysis and classification optimization is adopted. Aiming at different kinds of problems, the corresponding nonlinear programming models and solving methods are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U692.3

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