面向无线传输的数据压缩算法设计

发布时间：2018-02-07 16:34

本文关键词： 无线通信传感器数据压缩 BF506 带宽　出处：《燕山大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着嵌入式技术、传感器技术以及无线通信技术的不断发展,具有数据采集、处理以及无线传感器网络技术被广泛应用于当今社会的各个领域。在桥梁健康监测方面,通常在桥体上铺设大量的无线传感器节点,通过采集桥梁结构状态的相关数据来为桥梁在特殊气候、复杂交通环境和桥梁结构状况异常时发布预警信号,为桥梁的管理、养护与维修提供科学的依据。无线传感器网络需要实时的采集并发送大量数据信息,这对整个网络的通信带宽带来很大的压力。另外,无线数据的传输占整个节点能耗的绝大部分,因此要想尽可能延长传感器节点寿命就必须减少数据传输量,而数据压缩就是解决上述问题的有效手段。本文首先针对桥梁健康监测问题介绍了基于结构健康监测的无线传感器拓扑结构,并且从节点自身能耗和网络带宽受限等多方面论证了采用数据压缩算法的必要性。其次,针对桥梁振动数据的采集、处理和传输需求,本文设计了基于嵌入式技术的无线传感器前端节点,该节点包含振动数据采集模块、DSP数据处理模块以及无线收发模块。该模块对振动数据的采样精度达到16位,采样速率最高达到250Kbps。另外,本文提出了一种基于采样数据相关性的压缩算法,该算法能够对振动数据进行无损压缩。要内容包含两部分,分别为数据格式的定义和压缩算法的实现。数据格式采用了可变长度帧格式获得最优压缩效果。压缩算法主要分为三步,分别为计算差值、相邻数据按位异或以及数据分组组合。通过实验仿真表明,该种方法能够有效的对数据进行压缩处理,并且相较于经典的霍夫曼压缩编码以及ZLIB压缩编码具有明显的优势。为了进一步验证该压缩方法的性能,在设计的传感器节点平台上进行实际验证,通过实际平台验证,该算法能够在保证对数据有效压缩的基础上能够实现数据的实时性传输。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of embedded technology, sensor technology and wireless communication technology, data acquisition, processing and wireless sensor network technology are widely used in all fields of society. Usually, a large number of wireless sensor nodes are laid on the bridge body. By collecting the relevant data of the bridge structure state, early warning signals are issued for the bridge when the special climate, complex traffic environment and the bridge structure condition are abnormal, so as to manage the bridge. Maintenance and maintenance provide scientific basis. Wireless sensor networks need to collect and send a large amount of data in real time, which brings great pressure on the communication bandwidth of the whole network. In addition, Wireless data transmission accounts for most of the energy consumption of the whole node, so if we want to extend the lifetime of sensor nodes as much as possible, we must reduce the amount of data transmission. Data compression is an effective method to solve the above problems. Firstly, the topology of wireless sensor based on structural health monitoring is introduced in this paper. The necessity of adopting data compression algorithm is demonstrated from the aspects of node energy consumption and network bandwidth limitation. Secondly, aiming at the need of collecting, processing and transmitting bridge vibration data, In this paper, a wireless sensor front-end node based on embedded technology is designed. The node includes vibration data acquisition module, DSP data processing module and wireless transceiver module. The sampling rate is up to 250kbps.In addition, this paper presents a compression algorithm based on the correlation of sampled data, which can compress the vibration data without loss. The data format adopts the variable length frame format to obtain the optimal compression effect. The compression algorithm is divided into three steps, the difference is calculated. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively compress and process the data. And compared with the classical Hoffman compression coding and ZLIB compression coding, it has obvious advantages. In order to further verify the performance of the compression method, a practical verification is carried out on the sensor node platform designed, and verified by the actual platform. The algorithm can achieve real-time data transmission on the basis of data compression.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U446;TN929.5;TP212.9

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