降解汽车尾气与缓减城市热岛效应的沥青混合料研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:12

本文选题：沥青混合料　切入点：光触媒材料　出处：《长安大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前，城市环境面临的主要问题有空气污染和城市热岛效应，作为城市下垫面主要组成的沥青路面和汽车尾气均是造成这些问题的主要原因之一。因此，研究路面降解尾气和降温技术对促进新型路面材料技术发展和改善居民生活环境具有重要意义。本文对掺加光触媒材料的沥青混合料降解汽车尾气性能展开研究，并就缓减热岛效应型混合料的设计与性能进行研究。综合分析减少城市空气污染和缓减城市热岛效应两个方面，考虑技术集成及其交互作用的影响，开发出全新的具有降解汽车尾气和降低路面温度的城市道路多功能沥青混合料。提出尾气测试系统的构造条件，并开发路面汽车尾气模拟及测试系统。该系统由汽车尾气供应装置、分解反应装置、气体浓度实时测试装置及附属的连接部分组成。对系统组成装置的功能、构造、参数等进行研究；确立降解尾气测试系统的试验方法，并建立反应装置内的汽车尾气自然衰减模型，评估尾气在反应装置内的衰变规律。在分析现有降解尾气评价指标的基础上，提出系统的降解尾气评价指标体系。研究确定测试系统的光照强度、气体浓度、试验温度及试验时间等测试参数。提出可应用于道路领域光触媒的基本条件，并初选确定纳米Fe2O3和纳米TiO2为备用光触媒材料。通过降解尾气性能及对沥青性能影响的研究，优选确定TiO2为最佳光触媒材料。对TiO2光触媒的粒径、晶体结构、掺量等技术要求进行研究。对掺配方式、温度、光照强度、尾气浓度、混合料类型及空隙率等影响光触媒混合料降解尾气性能的因素进行研究；评价光触媒对沥青胶浆性能、混合料路用性能的影响。确立热阻式沥青混合料的温度和热物性参数试验方法。优选页岩陶粒作为热阻集料，采用等体积掺配方案进行热阻式沥青混合料配合比设计。研究热阻集料掺量变化对混合料马歇尔指标和路用性能的影响；通过室内和野外温度测试来评价混合料降温效果。分析热阻沥青混合料的热物性和阻热降温机理。综合降温及性能研究结果，推荐陶粒的最佳体积掺量为40%。对具有降解汽车尾气与缓减热岛效应功能的沥青混合料进行集成设计，并就混合料降解尾气性能、降低路面温度和路用性能进行综合评价。开发出全新的降解汽车尾气与缓减热岛效应型沥青混合料。
[Abstract]:At present, the main problems of urban environment are air pollution and urban heat island effect. Asphalt pavement and automobile exhaust, which are the main components of urban underlying surface, are one of the main causes of these problems. It is of great significance to study the degradation tail gas and cooling technology for promoting the development of new pavement materials and improving the living environment of residents. In this paper, the degradation of automobile exhaust gas by asphalt mixture with photocatalyst material is studied. The design and performance of the mixture with heat island effect are studied. The two aspects of reducing urban air pollution and reducing urban heat island effect are comprehensively analyzed, and the influence of technology integration and its interaction is considered. A new multifunctional asphalt mixture with degradation of vehicle exhaust and reduction of road temperature was developed. The construction condition of the exhaust gas test system is put forward, and the simulation and test system of the vehicle exhaust gas on the road is developed. The system is composed of the automobile tail gas supply device, the decomposing reaction device, The function, construction and parameters of the system are studied, and the test method of the test system for degradation tail gas is established. The natural decay model of automobile exhaust gas in the reactor is established to evaluate the decay law of the exhaust gas in the reactor, and based on the analysis of the existing evaluation index of degradation exhaust gas, The evaluation index system of degradation tail gas was put forward, and the test parameters such as light intensity, gas concentration, test temperature and test time were determined. The basic conditions for application of photocatalyst in road field are put forward, and the nanometer Fe2O3 and nanometer TiO2 are determined as spare photocatalyst materials. The degradation of exhaust gas and the effect on asphalt performance are studied. TiO2 is chosen as the best photocatalyst material. The technical requirements such as particle size, crystal structure and dosage of TiO2 photocatalyst are studied. The mixing mode, temperature, light intensity, tail gas concentration, etc. The factors affecting the degradation of exhaust gas of photocatalyst mixture such as mixture type and void ratio were studied and the effects of photocatalyst on asphalt slurry performance and pavement performance were evaluated. To establish the test method for the temperature and thermal physical properties of thermal resistance asphalt mixture, to select shale ceramsite as thermal resistive aggregate, The proportion design of thermal resistive asphalt mixture was carried out by using the equal volume mixing scheme. The influence of thermal resistance aggregate content on Marshall index and road performance of the mixture was studied. The effect of mixture cooling was evaluated by indoor and field temperature tests. The thermal properties and mechanism of thermal resistance asphalt mixture were analyzed. The optimum volume content of ceramsite was recommended to be 40% by synthesizing the results of cooling and performance research. The integrated design of asphalt mixture with the function of degrading automobile exhaust gas and reducing heat island effect is carried out, and the performance of degradation tail gas of mixture is discussed. A new asphalt mixture with degradation of automobile exhaust gas and heat island effect was developed for comprehensive evaluation of road temperature and road performance.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U414

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