低成本开放式立体车库驱动系统电子转换装置及传动机构的设计

发布时间：2018-04-16 15:29

本文选题：立体车库 + 电子转换装置　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年来，随着全国城市建设速度的加快，城市居民汽车保有量急剧增加，随之而来的是交通拥挤现象严重，居民小区周围、马路边乱停车现象也日益严峻，各大城市停车问题已经非常突出。此时，立体车库的大量投入使用，可以有效解决杂乱无章的停车问题。但是目前的情况就是多数大型立体车库一直在中国各大城市难以推广，究其原因，还是由于投入成本太高，利用率过低、车库停车费用较高，加之相关部门为了自己的收益，而随意在马路边规划临时停车位。而本课题的立体车库本身所具有的开发难度小、模块化程度较高等优点，使得本课题所研究的立体车库在大城市中更容易推广使用。本文主要是针对实验室课题研发的立体车库，设计了一整套驱动与传动系统以及电子转换装置，包括以下几个方面：一、对立体车库的国内外现状、本课题研究的目的和意义、将要完成的内容进行介绍；二、首先对立体车库的整体框架结构和存取车工作流程进行介绍，，其次确定驱动与传动系统整体方案，最后对电子转换装置方案的确定。三、对立体车库驱动与传动系统进行详细设计，包括立体车库所受载荷类型及计算方法，电机、制动器及联轴器的选型和计算，曳引轮和对重的设计。四、立体车库电子转换装置的机械结构设计，主要是与上位机和PLC之间逻辑关系的确定，电子转换装置的工作原理，其中关键部件圆柱凸轮机构各种参数的选择及推程计算，以及在Pro/E中三维建模和装配，然后导入ADAMS里面添加约束建立虚拟样机，之后再进行运动学的仿真。五、立体车库电子转换机构硬件电路的设计。这部分主要是对各个硬件电路（包括最小系统电路、控制电路、驱动电路等）的设计，然后是电子转换机构与PLC之间串口通信模块的设计，最后再进行电路的仿真以及搭载实物平台进行验证。六、对立体车库可靠性的设计，主要是对电子转换装置中的圆柱凸轮机构进行可靠性分析，包括凸轮与滚子之间的接触力校核以及滚子自身的动等价载荷的计算。本文在对驱动与传动系统的设计研究基础上，改进了传统的立体车库传动系统，改由一台电机选择性的为多列载车单元模块提供动力的设计方法，不仅使得驱动与传动系统的结构布局紧凑，大大节省了空间，减少了驱动电机的数目，降低了成本。同时，电子转换机构中采取使用圆柱凸轮机构来带动滑移齿轮的啮合与分离，通过采用单片机控制步进电机来带动圆柱凸轮机构的旋转角度，从而达到精确控制的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of urban construction throughout the country, the number of cars owned by urban residents has increased sharply, followed by a serious traffic jam, and the phenomenon of random parking around residential areas and on the side of roads is becoming increasingly serious.The problem of parking in major cities has become very serious.At this time, the use of a large number of three-dimensional garage, can effectively solve the problem of random parking.However, the current situation is that most large stereoscopic garages have been difficult to popularize in major cities in China. The reason is that the input costs are too high, the utilization rate is too low, the parking costs of the garages are high, and the relevant departments are making their own profits.And plan temporary parking spaces at random on the side of the road.The development of the stereoscopic garage has the advantages of low difficulty and high modularization, which makes it easier to popularize and use the stereoscopic garage in the big city.In this paper, a whole set of drive and transmission system and electronic conversion device are designed for the research and development of stereoscopic garage in laboratory, including the following aspects: first, the purpose and significance of the research on the status quo of the stereoscopic garage at home and abroad.The contents to be completed are introduced. Firstly, the whole frame structure and the work flow of the access car are introduced. Secondly, the whole scheme of the drive and transmission system is determined. Finally, the scheme of the electronic conversion device is determined.Thirdly, the drive and transmission system of the stereoscopic garage is designed in detail, including the load type and calculation method, the selection and calculation of motor, brake and coupling, the design of traction wheel and counterweight.Fourthly, the mechanical structure design of the electronic conversion device of the stereoscopic garage is mainly about the determination of the logical relationship with the upper computer and the PLC, the working principle of the electronic conversion device, the selection of various parameters of the cylindrical cam mechanism and the calculation of the push range.And 3D modeling and assembly in Pro/E, then importing constraints into ADAMS to build virtual prototype, and then kinematics simulation.Fifth, the design of the hardware circuit of the electronic conversion mechanism of the stereoscopic garage.This part is mainly about the design of each hardware circuit (including minimum system circuit, control circuit, drive circuit, etc.), and then the design of serial communication module between electronic conversion mechanism and PLC.At last, the simulation of the circuit and the verification of the physical platform are carried out.Sixthly, the reliability design of the stereo garage is mainly about the reliability analysis of the cylindrical cam mechanism in the electronic conversion device, including the checking of the contact force between the cam and the roller and the calculation of the dynamic equivalent load of the roller itself.Based on the design and research of drive and transmission system, this paper improves the traditional three-dimensional garage transmission system, and changes the design method of one motor selectively to provide power for the multi-column vehicle unit module.It not only makes the structure of drive and transmission system compact, but also saves space, reduces the number of drive motors and reduces the cost.At the same time, the cylindrical cam mechanism is used to drive the meshing and separation of the slip gear in the electronic conversion mechanism, and the rotation angle of the cylindrical cam mechanism is driven by the step motor controlled by the single chip microcomputer, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate control.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.71

【参考文献】