振动破冰清雪装置研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 01:37

本文选题：清雪机械 + 冰雪特性　；参考：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国大部分区域,冬季下雪周期长,低温、大雪和雨夹雪等天气，引起道路积雪与结冰相当普遍。尤其北方严寒地域,大面积的冰雪覆盖道路，无法及时清除,经由行人、交通车辆的反复碾压及融冻,形成强度高、密度大、与道路粘结牢固的压实冰雪混合物。冻结薄冰和冰雪严重影响道路安全畅通。因此,探索研究破冰清雪机械，破解我国冬季道路所面临的破冰清雪难题，对于减少交通事故，增强运输效率,充分发挥交通运输大动脉、促进经济发展具有重要的实用价值。本文以冰雪混合物物理机械特性力学分析为研究基础，对道路冰雪分类，针对不同类型的道路冰雪混合物，，在分析、论述以往机械式道路冰雪清除技术和原理应用特点的基础上，确定了以最佳硬质冰雪混合物振碎效率为目标的振动破冰除雪的设计方案；振动破冰除雪主要是利用压实冰雪在振动铲刃作用下小变形就可引起脆性断裂的特性，并协同牵引主机的配合，使冰雪与道路分离的方式，这种方式的工作效率高，除净率比较好、经济、实用，能有效避免路面损伤。雪铲与振动铲装置设计为分立结构,柔性连接,以优化复杂结构和降低生产成本，适应道路复杂环境冰雪清除的需要。建立数学分析模型，对清冰雪作业过程中的工作阻力、切线牵引力及清雪功率计算；设计出新型铲板曲面，通过动力学分析，导出冰雪在雪铲上的相对运动轨迹；设计清雪铲振动、柔性避障机构等机构，分析校核关键部件强度。结果表明，铲刃可以顺利切入压实冰雪，振动雪铲足以振碎路面压实冰雪，振动破冰雪效果良好，能够连续作业，并且有效避免路面损坏。分析清冰雪作业时的牵引特性、侧向稳定性及功率匹配特性；雪铲结构设计与作业参数满足设计要求，与选用底盘类型匹配可行，能够保障清雪机械正常作业。
[Abstract]:In most regions of China, the long snowing period in winter, low temperature, heavy snow and sleet and other weather, causing road snow and ice is quite common. Especially in the cold area of the north, a large area of snow and ice covering roads can not be cleared in time. Through the repeated compaction and thawing of pedestrians and traffic vehicles, a compacted ice and snow mixture with high intensity, high density and strong bond with the road is formed. Freezing of thin ice and snow seriously affected road safety and smooth. Therefore, it is of great practical value to explore and study ice-breaking and snow-clearing machinery and to solve the problem of ice-clearing and clearing in winter in China, which can reduce traffic accidents, enhance transportation efficiency, give full play to traffic and transport arteries, and promote economic development. Based on the mechanical analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of ice and snow mixtures, this paper classifies the road ice and snow, and analyzes the different types of road ice and snow mixtures. Based on the characteristics of the previous mechanical road ice and snow removal technology and principle application, the design scheme of vibration ice-breaking and snow removal with the aim of the best crushing efficiency of hard ice and snow mixture is determined. Vibration ice-breaking and snow removal mainly use the characteristics of brittle fracture caused by small deformation of compacted ice and snow under the action of vibration shovel edge, and cooperate with the main traction engine to separate the ice and snow from the road. The work efficiency of this way is high. Good net removal rate, economic, practical, can effectively avoid road damage. The snow shovel and the vibrating shovel are designed as separate structures and flexible connections to optimize complex structures and reduce production costs to meet the needs of snow and ice removal in complex road environments. A mathematical analysis model is established to calculate the working resistance tangent traction and snow clearing power during snow clearing. A new type of shovel surface is designed and the relative track of snow and ice on snow shovel is derived by dynamic analysis. The vibration mechanism of snow cleaning shovel and flexible obstacle avoidance mechanism were designed and the strength of key components was analyzed. The results show that the edge of the shovel can cut into the compacted ice and snow smoothly, the vibratory snow shovel is enough to crush the road surface and the ice and snow can be crushed, the effect of vibration breaking ice and snow is good, the operation can be done continuously, and the pavement damage is avoided effectively. The characteristics of traction lateral stability and power matching are analyzed. The design of snow shovel structure and operation parameters meet the design requirements and matching with the selection of chassis type is feasible to ensure the normal operation of snow clearing machinery.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U418.326

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