单交叉口交通信号智能控制策略及仿真研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 16:54

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,我国经济快速发展,人民生活水平大幅度提高,汽车持有量逐年增加,城市交通拥挤、环境污染等问题变得愈来愈严重。就当今社会而言,其发展越来越依附于交通的发展,因此道路交通的控制必须受到重视。但是城市道路交通的随机性、复杂性和不确定性等特征,使得构建精准的数学模型变得极其困难。通常普遍使用的传统的控制理论和控制方式已达不到满意的控制效果。为了最大程度提高城市交通网络的运行效率,采用高新技术开发的智能交通控制方法来解决交通拥挤已成为最有效、最经济的方式。近年来,哈尔滨市路网交通量增长迅速,市区大部分道路已经显示出拥堵的态势。省政府附近交叉口,几年来呈现经常性交通拥挤,高峰时段车辆平均延误5-7分钟,往往需要经过2、3个信号周期才能通过,如果在雨、雪、雾等恶劣天气,交通拥堵更为严重。因此采用智能控制方法来控制省政府附近交叉口,对道路堵塞情况的改善与通行能力的提高都具有十分重要的意义。本文以省政府附近拥堵较为严重的中山路与和平路-中宣街交汇的十字路口为研究对象,通过对路口交通状况的调查和分析,提出了改善路口拥堵状况的智能控制策略,即高峰时期定时控制,非高峰时期模糊控制。不仅克服了模糊控制在高峰时期控制不佳的状态,还发挥了传统定时控制的优势。首先,在非高峰期的模糊控制方案中,结合模糊控制在交通灯控制方面的运用实例,建立了以减少平均延误为目标的单交叉口四相位模糊控制器。其中包括控制器结构设计,模糊算法的设计,隶属函数设计和控制规则建立等,并运用MATLAB进行实现。最后使用MATLAB对方案进行仿真分析,并与定时控制进行了比较。比较发现,单位车辆延误最大减少可达30%以上,验证了此方案的可行性。其次,在高峰期的定时控制中,针对高峰时段实测交通流数据,采用韦伯斯特法进行信号配时优化设计,并用VISSIM软件搭建仿真路网,对设计方案进行微观仿真分析。结果表明,排队长度减少了12%,延误时间减少了10.6%,优化后控制方案能够更好的改善交通拥堵状况。最后,对选用STC12C5A60S2单片机为主控制器件的控制系统进行硬件设计和软件设计,并对每个部分硬件电路及软件程序流程做出了简要的阐述。其中硬件部分,重点介绍了单片机最小系统、车流量检测电路、时钟电路、数码管显示电路等部分硬件设计思想及工作原理；软件部分,重点介绍了控制系统中的主程序、模糊控制子程序、定时控制子程序、绿冲突检测子程序和按键中断处理程序的设计流程。通过对控制系统工作过程进行测试,证明该控制系统能够满足控制要求,控制方案可行有效。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21st century , China ' s economy has developed rapidly , the living standard of the people has been greatly improved , the quantity of the automobile is increasing year by year , the traffic congestion and environmental pollution have become more and more serious .

In recent years , the traffic volume of road network in Harbin has been increasing rapidly . Most of the roads in the urban area have shown congestion . In recent years , the traffic jam is more serious .

First , in the non - peak period fuzzy control scheme , combined with the application example of fuzzy control in traffic light control , a four - phase four - phase fuzzy controller is established to reduce the average delay . It includes controller structure design , fuzzy algorithm design , membership function design and control rule establishment , and MATLAB . Finally , MATLAB is used to simulate the scheme and compare it with timing control . It is found that the maximum delay of unit vehicle delay can reach more than 30 % , and the feasibility of this scheme is verified .

Secondly , in the timing control of peak period , based on the measured traffic flow data during peak period , the optimal design of signal distribution is carried out by Webster method , and the simulation road network is built with VISSIM software . The results show that the queuing length is reduced by 12 % , the delay time is reduced by 10.6 % , and the optimized control scheme can better improve traffic jam condition .

Finally , the hardware design and software design of the control system with STC12C5A60S2 single chip microcomputer as the main control device are introduced , and the hardware circuit and the software program flow of each part are described briefly . The hardware part mainly introduces some hardware design ideas and working principles such as the minimum system of the single chip microcomputer , the vehicle flow detection circuit , the clock circuit and the digital tube display circuit .
The software part mainly introduces the main program , the fuzzy control subroutine , the timing control subroutine , the green conflict detection subroutine and the key interrupt handler design flow in the control system . By testing the working process of the control system , it is proved that the control system can meet the control requirements and the control scheme is feasible and effective .
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.54

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