十天高速汉中西段公路沿线滑坡分布特征及破坏机理研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 22:33
【摘要】：本文以十天高速汉中西段沿线分布的膨胀土滑坡和碎石土滑坡为研究对象,结合室内物理力学特性试验、现场变形监测试验,运用定量演化、模糊数学、因素敏感性分析以及数值模拟等多种技术方法,对公路沿线滑坡的分布特征、干湿循环作用下膨胀土滑坡变形破坏机理以及降雨作用下碎石土滑坡变形破坏机理进行分析研究。主要取得以下结论： 1、通过对汉中西高速公路沿线滑坡灾害的分布特征进行分析,结果表明：影响滑坡灾害分布的主要因素有斜坡坡度、滑坡所在斜坡位置、地质构造以及地层岩性等,滑坡灾害主要诱发因素为降雨、人类工程活动。根据对沿线某碎石土滑坡运动特征的分析,笔者在现有滑坡运动特征分类的基础之上,提出一种适用于高速公路沿线碎石土滑坡的复合运动模式：碎石土滑坡在运动过程中表现出中前期以牵引式运动为主,后期以推移式运动为主的复合运动特征。 2、结合膨胀土膨胀力试验以及不同干湿循环次数下的抗剪强度试验,利用Fredlund强度理论建立了适用于汉中北部地区膨胀土的抗剪强度公式及抗剪强度衰减公式；并且利用吸附强度理论公式对试验结果进行了拟合,计算出汉中北部地区膨胀土的膨胀力有效系数。 3、通过膨胀土路堑边坡干湿循环试验和现场变形监测试验,笔者首次利用熵的原理解释了干湿循环作用下膨胀土滑坡的发育机理,即：膨胀土路堑边坡开挖之后,由于其原始的平衡状态发生变化,受干湿循环影响,膨胀土的胀缩性和裂隙性开始发挥重要作用,土体结构和物质成分发生复杂的物理化学变化,这一系列的变化使得输入整个膨胀土系统的能量分布不均匀,整个系统有向能量密度均匀的方向变化的趋势,随着系统内部能量的不断转换,膨胀土体的结构发生破坏以减小或者抵消能量密度的相对差异；通过这样的循环,原状土体的结构破坏,宏观裂隙和微观裂隙逐渐发展,抗剪强度降低,能量密度差异有效的减小,熵值增加,达到新的平衡稳定状态,此过程即为膨胀土滑坡产生的过程。 4、利用因素敏感性分析方法、层次分析法及改进的模糊信息优化处理方法对碎石土滑坡稳定性影响因素进行分析,得出以下结论：就碎石土滑坡滑动面岩土体滑体容重、粘聚力、内摩擦角以及滑动面倾角这几个因素而言,影响碎石土滑坡稳定性的因素依次为内摩擦角、滑动面倾角、滑体容重和粘聚力。 5、运用坡面冲刷侵蚀作用理论及土壤优先流理论,分析降雨作用下碎石土滑坡的变形解体破坏过程,并对滑坡变形破坏的机理进行简单解释：在长时问一定强度的连续降雨或在一定持续时间的强降雨作用下,碎石土滑坡浅表层土体中的细粒土在坡面冲刷侵蚀作用下开始搬运、移动,随之逐渐产生一些坡面微裂隙和拉张裂缝,从而为降雨的入渗提供了有利的途径,随着雨水的入渗,土体中逐渐出现较明显的管状通道,到最后整个系统的优先流系统形成,最终导致碎石土滑坡滑动带岩土体的抗剪强度急剧下降,滑坡稳定性逐渐破坏,稳定性系数急剧降低,滑坡开始发生滑动直至破坏。 6、通过膨胀土滑坡的稳定性数值模拟分析,结果表明：对于膨胀土路堑边坡来说,随着斜坡体在降雨～蒸发循环作用(即干湿循环)的不断影响下,地表裂隙逐渐发育,水分入渗逐渐增强,进而引起土体抗剪强度的衰减,这是导致膨胀土边坡失稳变形破坏的主要影响因素。 7、通过分析分离式预应力锚索桩板墙的结构特点,选择有限差分弹性地基梁法作为设计计算方法,并利用有限元数值模拟进行验证,证明分离式预应力锚索桩板墙在碎石土滑坡治理中的适用性,并且取得了一定的设计和使用经验,为今后的山区高速公路设计提供了更为广阔的设计思路。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the expansive soil landslides and lithotripsy landslides along the ten day high speed Hanzhoung west section are studied. Combined with the indoor physical and mechanical properties test, the field deformation monitoring test, the quantitative evolution, fuzzy mathematics, factor sensitivity analysis and numerical simulation are applied to the distribution characteristics of the landslides along the highway. The deformation and failure mechanism of expansive soil landslide and the mechanism of deformation and failure of debris landslide under rainfall are analyzed.
1, through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of landslide hazard along the Hanzhoung west highway, the results show that the main factors affecting the landslide distribution are slope gradient, the slope position of the landslide, the geological structure and the stratum lithology. The main inducing factors of the landslide hazard are the rain reduction and the human engineering activities. On the basis of the classification of the characteristics of the current landslide movement, the author puts forward a compound motion model which is suitable for the landslides along the highway, which shows the characteristics of the compound movement in the early stage of the movement, mainly in the middle and early stages of the landslide, with the main movement in the later period.
2, combining the expansive force test of expansive soil and the shear strength test under different cycles of dry and wet cycles, the formula of shear strength and the formula of shear strength attenuation suitable for expansive soil in northern Hanzhoung area are established by using the theory of Fredlund strength, and the experimental results are fitted with the theoretical formula of adsorption strength, and the northern Hanzhoung is calculated. The effective coefficient of expansive force of expansive soil in the region.
3, through the dry and wet cycle test of the expansive soil cutting slope and the field deformation monitoring test, the author used the principle of entropy to explain the development mechanism of the expansive soil landslide under the dry and wet cycle for the first time, that is, after the excavation of the expansive soil cutting slope, the expansion and shrinkage and cracking of expansive soil are affected by the dry and wet circulation and the influence of dry and wet cycle. The gap begins to play an important role. The complex physical and chemical changes have occurred in the soil structure and the material composition. This series of changes make the energy distribution of the whole expansive soil system inhomogeneous, the whole system has a tendency to change to the uniform direction of the energy density. With the continuous transformation of the energy in the system, the structure of the expansive soil is occurring. Failure to reduce or counteract the relative difference in energy density; through such a cycle, the structure destruction of the original soil, the macro cracks and micro cracks gradually develop, the shear strength decrease, the energy density difference is reduced effectively, the entropy value increases, and the new equilibrium state is reached. This process is the process of the expansive soil landslide.
4, using the factor sensitivity analysis method, the analytic hierarchy process and the improved fuzzy information optimization method, the influence factors of the stability of the lithotripsy soil landslide are analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: in terms of the factors such as the bulk density, cohesive force, internal friction angle and slide angle of the sliding surface of the sliding surface of the lithotripsy slide surface, it affects the sliding of the gravel soil. The factors of slope stability are internal friction angle, slip surface inclination, sliding volume weight and cohesion.
5, using the theory of slope erosion erosion and the theory of soil priority flow, the deformation and failure process of the landslide under the action of rainfall is analyzed, and the mechanism of the landslide deformation and failure is simply explained: in the long time, a certain intensity of continuous rain or under the action of a certain duration of heavy rainfall, the shallow surface soil of the lithotripsy landslides The fine-grained soil began to move and move under the erosion and erosion of the slope surface, and then gradually produced some slope micro cracks and pulling Zhang Liefeng, thus providing a favorable way for the infiltration of rainfall. With the infiltration of the rain, the obvious tubular passage appeared in the soil, and the final flow system of the whole system was formed, which eventually led to the gravel. The shear strength of soil and rock mass in slide zone of landslide decreases rapidly, the stability of landslide gradually destroys, and the stability coefficient decreases sharply.
6, through the numerical simulation analysis of the stability of the expansive soil landslide, the results show that, for the expansive soil cutting slope, with the continuous influence of the slope body in the rainfall evaporation cycle (i.e. dry and wet cycle), the surface fissure gradually develops and the water infiltration gradually increases, which causes the attenuation of the soil shear strength, which leads to the expansive soil edge. The main factors affecting the failure of slope instability.
7, through the analysis of the structural characteristics of the separated prestressed anchorage sheet wall, the finite difference elastic foundation beam method is selected as the design calculation method, and the finite element numerical simulation is used to verify the applicability of the prestressed anchor pile plate wall in the treatment of the lithotripsy soil landslides, and the design and use experience is obtained. The design of mountain expressway provides a broader design idea.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U418.55;P642.22
本文编号：2125590
[Abstract]:In this paper, the expansive soil landslides and lithotripsy landslides along the ten day high speed Hanzhoung west section are studied. Combined with the indoor physical and mechanical properties test, the field deformation monitoring test, the quantitative evolution, fuzzy mathematics, factor sensitivity analysis and numerical simulation are applied to the distribution characteristics of the landslides along the highway. The deformation and failure mechanism of expansive soil landslide and the mechanism of deformation and failure of debris landslide under rainfall are analyzed.
1, through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of landslide hazard along the Hanzhoung west highway, the results show that the main factors affecting the landslide distribution are slope gradient, the slope position of the landslide, the geological structure and the stratum lithology. The main inducing factors of the landslide hazard are the rain reduction and the human engineering activities. On the basis of the classification of the characteristics of the current landslide movement, the author puts forward a compound motion model which is suitable for the landslides along the highway, which shows the characteristics of the compound movement in the early stage of the movement, mainly in the middle and early stages of the landslide, with the main movement in the later period.
2, combining the expansive force test of expansive soil and the shear strength test under different cycles of dry and wet cycles, the formula of shear strength and the formula of shear strength attenuation suitable for expansive soil in northern Hanzhoung area are established by using the theory of Fredlund strength, and the experimental results are fitted with the theoretical formula of adsorption strength, and the northern Hanzhoung is calculated. The effective coefficient of expansive force of expansive soil in the region.
3, through the dry and wet cycle test of the expansive soil cutting slope and the field deformation monitoring test, the author used the principle of entropy to explain the development mechanism of the expansive soil landslide under the dry and wet cycle for the first time, that is, after the excavation of the expansive soil cutting slope, the expansion and shrinkage and cracking of expansive soil are affected by the dry and wet circulation and the influence of dry and wet cycle. The gap begins to play an important role. The complex physical and chemical changes have occurred in the soil structure and the material composition. This series of changes make the energy distribution of the whole expansive soil system inhomogeneous, the whole system has a tendency to change to the uniform direction of the energy density. With the continuous transformation of the energy in the system, the structure of the expansive soil is occurring. Failure to reduce or counteract the relative difference in energy density; through such a cycle, the structure destruction of the original soil, the macro cracks and micro cracks gradually develop, the shear strength decrease, the energy density difference is reduced effectively, the entropy value increases, and the new equilibrium state is reached. This process is the process of the expansive soil landslide.
4, using the factor sensitivity analysis method, the analytic hierarchy process and the improved fuzzy information optimization method, the influence factors of the stability of the lithotripsy soil landslide are analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: in terms of the factors such as the bulk density, cohesive force, internal friction angle and slide angle of the sliding surface of the sliding surface of the lithotripsy slide surface, it affects the sliding of the gravel soil. The factors of slope stability are internal friction angle, slip surface inclination, sliding volume weight and cohesion.
5, using the theory of slope erosion erosion and the theory of soil priority flow, the deformation and failure process of the landslide under the action of rainfall is analyzed, and the mechanism of the landslide deformation and failure is simply explained: in the long time, a certain intensity of continuous rain or under the action of a certain duration of heavy rainfall, the shallow surface soil of the lithotripsy landslides The fine-grained soil began to move and move under the erosion and erosion of the slope surface, and then gradually produced some slope micro cracks and pulling Zhang Liefeng, thus providing a favorable way for the infiltration of rainfall. With the infiltration of the rain, the obvious tubular passage appeared in the soil, and the final flow system of the whole system was formed, which eventually led to the gravel. The shear strength of soil and rock mass in slide zone of landslide decreases rapidly, the stability of landslide gradually destroys, and the stability coefficient decreases sharply.
6, through the numerical simulation analysis of the stability of the expansive soil landslide, the results show that, for the expansive soil cutting slope, with the continuous influence of the slope body in the rainfall evaporation cycle (i.e. dry and wet cycle), the surface fissure gradually develops and the water infiltration gradually increases, which causes the attenuation of the soil shear strength, which leads to the expansive soil edge. The main factors affecting the failure of slope instability.
7, through the analysis of the structural characteristics of the separated prestressed anchorage sheet wall, the finite difference elastic foundation beam method is selected as the design calculation method, and the finite element numerical simulation is used to verify the applicability of the prestressed anchor pile plate wall in the treatment of the lithotripsy soil landslides, and the design and use experience is obtained. The design of mountain expressway provides a broader design idea.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U418.55;P642.22
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