车路协同动力学差异特性及轮胎印迹机理研究
发布时间：2018-08-21 14:38
【摘要】：轮胎印迹作为事故现场的重要痕迹，为交通事故判定分析的重要依据之一。事故车辆的轮胎路面印迹在制动（特别是安装ABS的汽车）、转弯工况下表现出的显现不确定性现象，给交通安全、痕迹物证鉴识和交通事故分析等专家带来巨大麻烦。分析和研究轮胎路面印迹的显隐特性，为交通事故提供更加可靠的判定依据仍然是目前尚待解决的问题。 将车辆路面视为一个系统，围绕轮胎路面作用机理、轮胎动态作用力、轮胎摩擦、磨损等方面的问题展开研究，充分考虑影响因素的关联机理，解析轮胎印迹显隐特性的车辆路面系统动力学特性，解决出现轮胎印迹显隐特性的区域判定、影响因素等问题。 (1)根据橡胶粘弹性特性及粗糙路面分形特性，应用粗糙路面接触理论，解析粗糙路面上的橡胶接触机理，建立橡胶粗糙路面接触面积改进模型；依据轮胎路面作用原理，简化处理橡胶粘弹性能量损失模型，提出考虑轮胎特性和路面分形特性的滑动摩擦因数改进模型，获得轮胎和路面特性对动滑动摩擦因数变化特性的影响规律。 (2)考虑胎体和胎面非线性特性，通过求解轮胎滑移区域的滑移速度，，建立考虑轮胎橡胶特性、路面特性、滑移速度及垂向载荷的一般理论和魔术公式轮胎动摩擦模型，运用CarSim轮胎仿真平台验证轮胎动摩擦模型的有效性；探析动滑动摩擦因数、轮胎和路面（力学、材料、工况）特性对轮胎动态作用力变化特性的影响。 (3)结合简化的轮胎动摩擦模型和多维非线性车辆模型，构建具有15DOF的车辆路面系统非线性动力学模型；应用GPRS技术和惯性测量技术，开发车载转弯制动稳定性测量系统，对车路耦合模型进行试验验证；运用PC-Crash提取事故车辆动态参数变化情况，揭示各影响因素对车辆动态参数的变化及其差异特性的影响。 (4)对胎面橡胶磨损脱落特性进行微观解析，结合车辆路面系统非线性动力学模型，对轮胎作用力差异特性进行研究；运用广义能量法，结合轮胎摩擦能量模型对轮胎摩擦能量及其差异特性进行量化分析；构建胎面磨损质量能量模型，定性、定量解析非稳态工况下橡胶磨损脱落质量及其差异特性，从系统动力学角度解析印迹显隐特性产生机理。
[Abstract]:As an important trace of accident site, tire imprinting is one of the important basis for traffic accident judgment and analysis. The tire and pavement imprinting of an accident vehicle shows uncertainty in braking (especially for a vehicle equipped with ABS), which brings great trouble to experts such as traffic safety, trace evidence identification and traffic accident analysis. It is still an unsolved problem to analyze and study the explicit and implicit characteristics of tire pavement imprinting, and to provide a more reliable basis for judging traffic accidents. The vehicle pavement is regarded as a system, which focuses on the action mechanism of tire pavement, tire dynamic force, tire friction, wear and so on, and fully considers the related mechanism of influencing factors. The dynamic characteristics of vehicle pavement system based on tire imprinting are analyzed, and the problems of determining the region and influencing factors are solved. (1) according to the viscoelastic properties of rubber and the fractal characteristics of rough pavement, some problems are solved, such as: (1) according to the characteristics of rubber viscoelasticity and the fractal characteristics of rough pavement, Based on the contact theory of rough road surface, the rubber contact mechanism on rough road surface is analyzed, and an improved model of rubber rough pavement contact area is established, and the rubber viscoelastic energy loss model is simplified according to the action principle of tire pavement. An improved sliding friction coefficient model considering tire characteristics and pavement fractal characteristics is proposed. The influence of tire and pavement characteristics on dynamic sliding friction coefficient is obtained. (2) considering the nonlinear characteristics of tire and tread, By solving the slip velocity of tire slip region, a general theory and magic formula tire dynamic friction model considering tire rubber characteristics, pavement characteristics, slip speed and vertical load are established. Using the CarSim tire simulation platform to verify the validity of the tire dynamic friction model, to analyze the dynamic sliding friction coefficient, tire and road surface (mechanics, materials, etc.) (3) combining the simplified tire dynamic friction model and the multi-dimensional nonlinear vehicle model, the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle pavement system with 15DOF is constructed. Using GPRS technology and inertial measurement technology, the vehicle turning braking stability measurement system is developed, and the vehicle-road coupling model is tested and verified, and the dynamic parameters of accident vehicle are extracted by PC-Crash. The effects of various factors on vehicle dynamic parameters and their differential characteristics are revealed. (4) the wear and tear characteristics of tread rubber are analyzed microscopically, and the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle pavement system is combined. Research on the differential characteristics of tire force; use the generalized energy method, combined with the tire friction energy model to quantify the tire friction energy and its differential characteristics; build tread wear mass energy model, qualitative, Quantitative analysis of rubber wear and tear off quality and its differential characteristics under unsteady conditions, and analysis of the mechanism of imprinting implicit characteristics from the point of view of system dynamics.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U463.341;U491.3
本文编号：2196057
[Abstract]:As an important trace of accident site, tire imprinting is one of the important basis for traffic accident judgment and analysis. The tire and pavement imprinting of an accident vehicle shows uncertainty in braking (especially for a vehicle equipped with ABS), which brings great trouble to experts such as traffic safety, trace evidence identification and traffic accident analysis. It is still an unsolved problem to analyze and study the explicit and implicit characteristics of tire pavement imprinting, and to provide a more reliable basis for judging traffic accidents. The vehicle pavement is regarded as a system, which focuses on the action mechanism of tire pavement, tire dynamic force, tire friction, wear and so on, and fully considers the related mechanism of influencing factors. The dynamic characteristics of vehicle pavement system based on tire imprinting are analyzed, and the problems of determining the region and influencing factors are solved. (1) according to the viscoelastic properties of rubber and the fractal characteristics of rough pavement, some problems are solved, such as: (1) according to the characteristics of rubber viscoelasticity and the fractal characteristics of rough pavement, Based on the contact theory of rough road surface, the rubber contact mechanism on rough road surface is analyzed, and an improved model of rubber rough pavement contact area is established, and the rubber viscoelastic energy loss model is simplified according to the action principle of tire pavement. An improved sliding friction coefficient model considering tire characteristics and pavement fractal characteristics is proposed. The influence of tire and pavement characteristics on dynamic sliding friction coefficient is obtained. (2) considering the nonlinear characteristics of tire and tread, By solving the slip velocity of tire slip region, a general theory and magic formula tire dynamic friction model considering tire rubber characteristics, pavement characteristics, slip speed and vertical load are established. Using the CarSim tire simulation platform to verify the validity of the tire dynamic friction model, to analyze the dynamic sliding friction coefficient, tire and road surface (mechanics, materials, etc.) (3) combining the simplified tire dynamic friction model and the multi-dimensional nonlinear vehicle model, the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle pavement system with 15DOF is constructed. Using GPRS technology and inertial measurement technology, the vehicle turning braking stability measurement system is developed, and the vehicle-road coupling model is tested and verified, and the dynamic parameters of accident vehicle are extracted by PC-Crash. The effects of various factors on vehicle dynamic parameters and their differential characteristics are revealed. (4) the wear and tear characteristics of tread rubber are analyzed microscopically, and the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle pavement system is combined. Research on the differential characteristics of tire force; use the generalized energy method, combined with the tire friction energy model to quantify the tire friction energy and its differential characteristics; build tread wear mass energy model, qualitative, Quantitative analysis of rubber wear and tear off quality and its differential characteristics under unsteady conditions, and analysis of the mechanism of imprinting implicit characteristics from the point of view of system dynamics.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U463.341;U491.3
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