高速列车通过短隧道、隧道群气动效应分析

发布时间：2018-11-03 09:19

【摘要】：当今世界,高速铁路飞速发展。随着列车速度的不断提升,高速列车隧道空气动力学问题日益严重。列车以较高时速通过隧道时,周围的空气压力由于受到隧道壁面的约束而在短时间内发生巨大变化,产生出入口效应、隧道内的压力波动、微气压波等问题,对行车安全、旅客舒适度以及隧道周边环境产生了不良影响。我国目前在建以及预建的高铁隧道数量众多,其中短隧道、隧道群占据相当比重。因此,对高速列车通过短隧道、隧道群所引起的气动问题进行深入的研究变得尤为迫切。本文针对高速列车通过短隧道、隧道群所引起的气动问题进行了数值模拟。基于非定常、可压缩Navier-Stokes方程及k-ε双方程湍流模型,采用包含动网格技术的计算流体力学方法,对列车以不同时速通过单隧道及不同间距的短隧道群进行了研究。通过多工况计算,分析了车表及隧道中断面的受力情况,隧道出口微气压波的变化情况,得出列车速度及隧道间距对高速列车通过短隧道、隧道群气动特性影响的变化规律。数值模拟的结果表明,列车通过短隧道时,正对来流的车头受到最大正压,而车尾与车身过渡处受到最大负压,正压和负压幅值均与列车行驶速度大小的平方成正比；随着列车进入隧道,隧道内的压力波动逐渐增大,隧道内及隧道横断面上的压力分布极不均匀,其中距离列车表面较近的地方压力幅值较大且变化较大,距离列车较远的区域压力幅值小且变化不大；隧道出口的微气压波大小与离隧道出口的距离大致成反比例关系,且微压波的幅值大小与列车速度的平方成正比。高速列车通过短隧道群时,车头受到的正压及车身受到的负压幅值与过单隧道相比,其大小与变化情况基本保持一致；随着隧道间距的增大,列车通过隧道群时在隧道口产生的微气压波的幅值逐渐减小,且变化率逐渐减小,当隧道间距到达100m时,列车通过隧道群产生的微气压波幅值与单隧道保持一致。本文针对高速列车通过短隧道、隧道群的气动效应进行了数值模拟,得到列车及隧道内压力、隧道出口微气压波的变化规律。研究结果对指导高速列车行车安全、隧道周围环境及日后相关问题的研究具有实际应用价值和参考意义。
[Abstract]:In today's world, high-speed railways are developing at full speed. With the increasing of train speed, the aerodynamic problem of high-speed train tunnel is becoming more and more serious. When the train passes through the tunnel at a higher speed, the ambient air pressure changes greatly in a short time due to the restriction of the tunnel wall, which produces the entrance effect, the pressure fluctuation in the tunnel, the micro-pressure wave and so on. Passenger comfort and the surrounding environment of the tunnel had a negative impact. There are a large number of high-speed tunnels under construction and pre-construction in China, among which short tunnels and tunnel groups occupy a considerable proportion. Therefore, it is urgent to study the aerodynamic problems caused by high-speed trains passing through short tunnels. In this paper, the aerodynamic problems caused by high-speed trains passing through short tunnels and tunnels are numerically simulated. Based on unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equation and k- 蔚 two-equation turbulence model, a computational fluid dynamics method with dynamic mesh technique is used to study the train passing through single tunnel and short tunnel with different spacing at different speeds. Through the calculation of multiple working conditions, the stress on the surface and the section of the tunnel and the variation of the micro-air pressure wave at the exit of the tunnel are analyzed, and the influence of train speed and tunnel spacing on the aerodynamic characteristics of the tunnel group is obtained by the analysis of the influence of the train speed and the tunnel spacing on the aerodynamic characteristics of the tunnel group. The results of numerical simulation show that when a train passes through a short tunnel, the front of the forward flow is under the maximum positive pressure, while the maximum negative pressure is obtained at the transition between the rear and the body. The positive pressure and the negative pressure amplitude are all proportional to the square of the train speed. As the train enters the tunnel, the pressure fluctuation in the tunnel increases gradually, the pressure distribution in the tunnel and on the cross section of the tunnel is extremely uneven, and the pressure amplitude near the surface of the train is larger and more varied. The pressure amplitude of the area far away from the train is small and little change. The micropressure wave at the exit of the tunnel is approximately inversely proportional to the distance from the exit of the tunnel, and the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave is proportional to the square of the train speed. When the high-speed train passes through the short tunnel group, the magnitude of the positive pressure on the front and the negative pressure on the body are basically consistent with those of the single tunnel. With the increase of the distance between tunnels, the amplitude and the rate of change of the micro-pressure waves generated by trains passing through the tunnel group gradually decrease, and when the tunnel spacing reaches 100m, The amplitude of the microbaric wave generated by the train passing through the tunnel group is consistent with that of the single tunnel. In this paper, the aerodynamic effects of high speed trains passing through short tunnels and tunnels are numerically simulated, and the variation of pressure and pressure at the exit of tunnels are obtained. The results of the study have practical application value and reference significance for guiding the study of high speed train running safety, tunnel surrounding environment and related problems in the future.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U451.3

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