侧向宽度变化对驾驶员视觉影响研究

发布时间：2019-05-23 19:48

【摘要】：随着交通事业的不断发展，道路建设进程明显加快，路网规模日趋完善，密度不断提高。但是受地形因素的限制，存在不同路段的侧向宽度变化问题，使驾驶员产生“突兀”感，造成视觉困扰，从而导致交通事故的发生，成为事故多发路段。因其事故多发与该变化对驾驶员视觉影响有关，而驾驶员又主要依靠视觉系统来获取不同交通信息。因此，研究侧向宽度变化路段驾驶员的视觉特性及视觉安全保障技术对提高道路运营安全具有非常重要的意义。为了提高道路的安全性，保障驾驶员行车的视觉舒适性，，本文从侧向宽度变化对驾驶员视觉的影响着手进行分析，借助数学分析方法，从驾驶员视觉和运行车速两个角度提出隧道出入口路段合理的侧向宽度过渡段长度建议值。首先在分析相关标准规范规定和国内外研究成果，明确了本文的研究内容及技术路线。得出的主要成果有：①在驾驶员驾驶行为及其视觉特性理论分析的基础上，结合驾驶员眼动的基本形式及评价方法，确定并设计了隧道路段驾驶员眼动实车试验；②利用Smart Eye Pro5.7型非侵入式眼动仪记录了驾驶员在距离隧道洞口不同断面处行驶过程中驾驶员的眼动参数，并以各个路段上驾驶员的视觉持续时间、注视时间百分比、平均注视时间、瞳孔直径、注视角、注视点位置分布作为评价指标，分析了各个路段驾驶员的眼动规律，同时记录了整个过程中车辆运行速度的变化；③通过对不同路段驾驶员眼动数据的分析，建立了隧道出入口侧向宽度变化对驾驶员视觉的影响范围；④为了更好地评价侧向宽度变化对驾驶员视觉的影响，提出以驾驶员眼动速度变化率作为驾驶员视觉适宜性的评价指标，并通过统计分析得到了驾驶员视觉适宜性评价的参考标准；⑤通过对运行车速的分析，总结变化规律，从外在层面更好地反映隧道出入口侧向宽度变化对驾驶员的影响。最后，分别提出了基于行车速度和驾驶员视觉的隧道出入口侧向宽度变化的过渡段长度的建议值。论文的研究为解决侧向宽度变化对驾驶员视觉的影响提供了有力的理论指导与参考，并对高速公路隧道出入口路段设计具有一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of transportation, the process of road construction is obviously accelerated, the scale of road network is becoming more and more perfect, and the density is increasing. However, due to the limitation of topographic factors, there is a problem of lateral width change of different road sections, which makes the driver have a sense of "abrupt" and causes visual distress, which leads to the occurrence of traffic accidents and becomes accident-prone road sections. The frequent occurrence of accidents is related to the visual influence of the change on the driver, and the driver mainly relies on the visual system to obtain different traffic information. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the visual characteristics and visual safety guarantee technology of drivers with varying lateral width in order to improve the safety of road operation. In order to improve the safety of the road and ensure the visual comfort of the driver, this paper analyzes the influence of the change of lateral width on the driver's vision, and with the help of mathematical analysis method, From the point of view of driver's vision and running speed, the recommended length of the reasonable lateral width transition section of the tunnel entrance and exit section is put forward. First of all, the research content and technical route of this paper are clarified by analyzing the relevant standards and regulations and the research results at home and abroad. The main results are as follows: (1) based on the theoretical analysis of driver's driving behavior and its visual characteristics, combined with the basic form and evaluation method of driver's eye movement, the driver's eye movement test of tunnel section is determined and designed. (2) the eye movement parameters of the driver at different sections of the tunnel entrance were recorded by Smart Eye Pro5.7 non-invasive eye movement instrument, and the visual duration and the percentage of fixation time of the driver on each section of the tunnel were taken as the visual duration of the driver, and the eye movement parameters of the driver were recorded at different sections of the tunnel entrance. The average fixation time, pupil diameter, injection angle of view and the distribution of injection point position were used as evaluation indexes to analyze the eye movement law of drivers in each section of the road, and the changes of vehicle speed in the whole process were recorded at the same time. (3) through the analysis of the eye movement data of the drivers in different sections, the influence range of the lateral width of the tunnel entrance and exit on the driver's vision is established. (4) in order to better evaluate the influence of lateral width change on driver's vision, the change rate of driver's eye movement speed is proposed as the evaluation index of driver's visual suitability. Through statistical analysis, the reference standard of driver visual suitability evaluation is obtained. (5) through the analysis of the running speed, the change law is summarized to better reflect the influence of the change of the lateral width of the tunnel entrance and exit on the driver from the external level. Finally, the suggested values of the length of the transition section with the change of the lateral width of the tunnel entrance and exit based on the driving speed and the driver's vision are put forward respectively. The research of this paper provides powerful theoretical guidance and reference for solving the influence of lateral width change on driver's vision, and has certain practical significance for the design of highway tunnel entrance and exit section.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.25;U453.1

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