基于高速精密电主轴的气体静压轴承—转子系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 07:42

本文选题：气体静压轴承-转子系统　切入点：刚度　出处：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：气体静压电主轴具有转速高、精度高、无污染等优点,在高精数控机床上有广阔的应用前景。目前随着转速的提升,气膜引起的动态非线性因素极大地影响着气体静压轴承—转子系统转速的提升,但是经典转子动力学理论是基于支承是静态线性的观点建立的,这-矛盾导致经典转子动力学理论无法满足气体静压轴承—转子系统的研究需求。本文以气体静压电主轴的主体部分——气体静压轴承—转子系统为研究对象,针对气体静压轴承的流场计算、气体静压轴承—转子系统的理论计算、实验台的设计搭建与验证等方面开展了深入的研究,主要研究内容包括：以气体静压轴承为研究对象,采用基于N-S方程的有限体积法中的层流模型对静压气体轴承的流场进行计算,基于仿真计算的结果,求解得到了轴承的刚度特性参数。针对气膜的动态非线性的特点,基于经典转子动力学理论,提出了气体静压轴承—转子系统临界转速的有限元计算方案。该计算方案通过预估临界转速值,使待解的频率方程中的各项参数尽可能接近实际工况下系统通过临界转速值时反映到频率方程中的各项参数。将该方案应用于气体静压轴承—转子系统实验台,理论和实验结果对比表明,一、二阶临界转速的理论计算值与实验测量值误差在10%以内,所提出的计算方案具有较高的计算精度。基于所提出的计算方案,设计并搭建了气体静压球面轴承—转子系统实验台,将气体静压球面轴承应用到高速旋转机械上。实验结果表明,实验台可以顺利通过二阶临界转速,但临界转速的实验测量值与设计值误差较大,经分析认为造成误差的主要原因是加工精度偏低、轴向因素的影响、设计工况与实际工况间的偏差等。
[Abstract]:With the advantages of high rotational speed, high precision and no pollution, the pneumatic hydrostatic spindle has a broad application prospect in high precision CNC machine tools. At present, with the increase of rotational speed, The dynamic nonlinear factors caused by gas film greatly affect the speed increase of the aerostatic bearing-rotor system, but the classical rotor dynamics theory is based on the view that the support is static linear. Because of this contradiction, the classical rotor dynamics theory can not meet the research needs of gas static bearing- rotor system. In this paper, the main part of the pneumatic hydrostatic spindle-gas hydrostatic bearing- rotor system is taken as the research object, aiming at the calculation of the flow field of the gas hydrostatic bearing and the theoretical calculation of the gas hydrostatic bearing-rotor system. The design, construction and verification of the experimental platform are studied in depth. The main research contents are as follows:. The laminar flow model in the finite volume method based on N-S equation is used to calculate the flow field of the hydrostatic bearing. Based on the results of simulation, the stiffness parameters of the bearing are obtained. Based on the classical rotor dynamics theory, a finite element method for calculating the critical speed of a gas hydrostatic bearing-rotor system is proposed, which is based on the dynamic nonlinearity of the film. The parameters in the unsolved frequency equation are as close as possible to those reflected in the frequency equation when the system passes through the critical rotational speed under the actual operating conditions. The scheme is applied to the aerostatic bearing-rotor system test bench. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental results shows that the error between the theoretical and experimental values of the second order critical rotational speed is less than 10%, and the proposed scheme has a high accuracy. Based on the proposed calculation scheme, an experimental platform for aerostatic spherical bearing-rotor system is designed and built. The pneumatic hydrostatic spherical bearing is applied to high-speed rotating machinery. The experimental results show that, The test table can pass through the second order critical speed smoothly, but the error between the experimental measurement value and the design value of the critical speed is large. It is considered that the main cause of the error is the low machining precision and the influence of axial factors. The deviation between design conditions and actual working conditions.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.36

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