湘中斗笠山矿区岩溶塌陷成因与评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 19:06

本文选题：斗笠山 + 岩溶塌陷　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国不断加快的经济节奏,人类各行各业飞速发展。煤矿作为一种重要能源,被人类大量开采,地质环境因此受到了巨大破坏,随之引发大量地面塌陷灾害。斗笠山地处湖南重要产煤地,矿区众多,岩溶发育,给人们的生命安全和财产保障带来了巨大隐患。本文通过在湖南地调院—湘中地区岩溶塌陷调查(1212011220190)对岩溶塌陷的成因机理、监测预报及易发性分区进行研究,不仅能够促进矿山合理开采,科学的防灾、减灾及救灾措施提供依据,同时也能对土地合理利用和新型城镇化建设提供重要的指导意义。首先,在系统总结分析岩溶塌陷的国内外研究现状基础上,对斗笠山地区展开岩溶塌陷调查,查明区内岩溶塌陷分布情况、塌陷类型、时空分布规律、发育特征、土层情况、水文地质条件、工程地质条件等,进行综合分析。总结其成因主要可分为区内地质背景、自然环境和人类工程活动三大因素。地质因素主要为斗笠山为一向斜,区内褶皱较多、岩层裂隙发育,与煤层接触的茅口组地层主要成分为厚层状至巨厚层状灰岩,属碳酸盐岩类,岩溶发育程度强;自然环境和人类工程活动是岩溶塌陷的诱发因素,自然因素主要为春季的持续降雨和夏季的强降雨;人为因素主要为矿坑的施工和强排疏干地下水。值得注意的是,从煤矿开采以来矿坑抽排水对原有地层力学平衡造成破坏,为塌陷灾害主要因素。最后,建立具体评价体系,运用层次法-模糊评价法,将影响决策的要素分解,然后采用定性和定量的分析方法,通过确定塌陷的评价因子和各参数因子的权重,综合评判分析,利用GIS平台对研究区岩溶塌陷灾害进行易发性分区评价。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating economic rhythm of our country, all kinds of human industries are developing rapidly. As a kind of important energy, coal mine is exploited by human being in large quantities, and the geological environment is destroyed greatly, which leads to a large number of ground collapse disasters. Duli Mountain is located in the important coal-producing land of Hunan province. There are many mining areas and karst development, which brings great hidden danger to people's life safety and property security. Based on the investigation of karst collapse in Hunan Gejiaoyuan-Central Hunan area (1212011220190), this paper studies the formation mechanism, monitoring and forecasting of karst collapse, and the zone of vulnerability, which can not only promote rational mining of mines, but also prevent disaster scientifically. The disaster reduction and disaster relief measures provide the basis for the rational use of land and the construction of new urbanization. First of all, on the basis of systematically summarizing and analyzing the present research situation of karst collapse at home and abroad, the karst collapse investigation is carried out in Doulaishan area to find out the distribution of karst collapse, the type of collapse, the law of space-time distribution, the characteristics of development, the situation of soil layer. Hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions and so on, comprehensive analysis. The causes can be divided into three factors: geological background, natural environment and human engineering activities. The geological factors are that Doulishan is always inclined, there are many folds in the area, and the fractures of rock strata are developed. The main composition of Maokou formation strata in contact with coal seam is thick stratiform to very thick stratiform limestone, which belongs to carbonate rock and has strong karst development degree. The natural environment and human engineering activities are the inducing factors of karst collapse, the natural factors are the continuous rainfall in spring and the heavy rainfall in summer, and the human factors are mainly the construction of mine pits and the strong drainage of dry groundwater. It is worth noting that the drainage and drainage of the mine pit has destroyed the mechanical balance of the original strata and is the main factor of the collapse disaster since the mining of the coal mine. Finally, the concrete evaluation system is established, and the factors that affect decision-making are decomposed by using the hierarchical method and fuzzy evaluation method. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods are used to determine the evaluation factors of collapse and the weight of each parameter factor. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and analysis, the susceptibility of karst collapse in the study area was evaluated by using GIS platform.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD327;P642.25

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