深井条带开采冲击机理及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 03:42

本文选题：深井 + 条带开采　；参考：《北京科技大学》2018年博士论文

【摘要】：条带开采作为控制地表沉陷、保护地面建筑物和生态环境的主要开采方法之一,回收了大量占压的煤炭资源。然而,近年来在我国华东地区条带开采煤矿频繁发生冲击地压事故,造成了人员和装备的重大损失,凸显了传统条带开采设计的理念和设计方法在预防动力灾害方面的缺陷,以及条带开采过程中针对性防冲技术的缺失。因此,山东能源集团等煤炭企业将深井条带开采冲击地压防治列为安全开采的重要课题进行研究,急需在理论上揭示深井条带开采冲击地压发生机理,从而为条带开采的合理设计和冲击地压防治提供科学依据。本文采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测、案例调研、工程类比等手段,研究了基于深井条带开采覆岩结构与应力关系的冲击机理,构建了基于当量采深和当量围岩强度的冲击危险性识别方法,提出了深井巨厚坚硬地层和巨厚松软地层条件下条带开采的实用防冲技术,取得了以下主要创新性成果:(1)提出了深井巨厚坚硬岩层条带开采区域的覆岩高位大结构模型,建立了存在覆岩高位大结构的岩层条件和力学判据,以此模型为基础,揭示了条带开采区域边缘易发生强烈冲击地压的力学机理。(2)对比分析了深井巨厚坚硬地层和巨厚松软地层条件下条带开采的覆岩结构、采动应力分布和冲击地压发生机理方面的差异,从而为两类典型地层条件矿井的条带开采设计和冲击地压防治提供了技术基础。(3)提出了条带开采当量采深与临界冲击深度的计算方法,解释了单一巷道掘进、实体煤中条带工作面开采和孤岛条带工作面开采存在不同临界冲击深度的原因,为条带开采矿井在不同开采阶段制定针对性防冲措施提供了理论依据。(4)根据深井条带开采应力分布特点和当量围岩强度,改进了传统的冲击危险性多因素耦合评价方法,提出了适合条带开采条件的冲击危险性多因素耦合评价方法,并进行了工程实践,结果表明改进的冲击危险性多因素耦合评价方法更合理。本文研究成果已经在山东能源集团下属多个煤矿得到应用,取得了大幅度降低冲击次数和减轻灾害程度的明显效果。
[Abstract]:Strip mining is one of the main mining methods to control the surface subsidence and protect the surface buildings and ecological environment. However, in recent years, frequent ground burst accidents occurred in strip mining coal mines in eastern China, which resulted in great loss of personnel and equipment, and highlighted the defects of traditional strip mining design concepts and design methods in preventing dynamic disasters. And the lack of targeted anti-scour technology in the process of strip mining. Therefore, Shandong Energy Group and other coal enterprises have listed the prevention and treatment of rock burst in deep well strip mining as an important subject of safe mining. It is urgent to reveal the mechanism of rock burst in deep well strip mining theoretically. It provides scientific basis for rational design of strip mining and prevention of rock burst. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field measurement, case study and engineering analogy, the impact mechanism of overburden structure and stress in deep well strip mining is studied in this paper. Based on the equivalent mining depth and the strength of the equivalent surrounding rock, the impact hazard identification method is constructed, and the practical anti-scour technology for strip mining under the conditions of the thick hard strata in deep wells and the extremely thick soft strata is put forward. In this paper, the following main innovative achievements are obtained: (1) A model of overburden high position large structure is proposed in the mining area of thick hard rock strata in deep wells, and the rock stratum condition and mechanical criterion for the existence of overlying rock high large structure are established, which is based on the model. This paper reveals the mechanical mechanism of the strong impact ground pressure on the edge of strip mining area. It compares and analyzes the overburden structure of strip mining under the conditions of thick hard strata in deep wells and extremely thick soft formations. Differences in the distribution of mining stress and the mechanism of rock burst, Thus, this paper provides a technical basis for the strip mining design and the prevention and control of impact ground pressure in mines with two typical formation conditions. The calculation method of equivalent mining depth and critical impact depth of strip mining is put forward, and the single roadway tunneling is explained. The causes of different critical impact depth exist in the mining of solid coal and island strip working face. This paper provides a theoretical basis for drawing up specific anti-scour measures in different mining stages of strip mining mines. According to the stress distribution characteristics of deep well strip mining and the strength of equivalent surrounding rock, the traditional multi-factor coupling evaluation method of impact risk is improved. The multi-factor coupling evaluation method of impact risk suitable for strip mining is put forward, and the engineering practice is carried out. The results show that the improved multi-factor coupling evaluation method is more reasonable. The research results of this paper have been applied in many coal mines under Shandong Energy Group, and the obvious effect has been achieved in reducing the times of impact and reducing the degree of disaster by a large margin.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2018
【分类号】：TD324;TD823.6

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