盘县煤矿区土地退化演变

发布时间：2018-07-01 11:22

本文选题：煤矿区 + 土地退化　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的持续快速发展,国家对煤炭资源的需求不断增加,煤矿区高强度的开采活动使得矿区土地的质量持续下降、生产力不断降低。研究煤矿区土地退化演变规律可以为矿区土地治理、生态修复等工作提供理论基础和科学参考。目前,矿区土地退化还没有一个广泛通用的定义,本文从土地可持续利用的角度出发结合煤矿区土地生态演变的特点,从矿区植被退化、土壤物质流失和土地生态质量三个方面对盘县煤矿区土地退化状况进行评价和分析,主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)矿区植被覆盖度时空演变规律的研究。利用30m分辨率遥感影像提取煤矿区植被覆盖度空间分布数据,采用全局空间自性关性和“热点”分析方法定性的研究盘县矿区在2000-2015年的植被覆盖度空间分布特征与煤炭开采的关系,并采用地理探测器分析方法中的因子探测器定量比较高程、坡度、坡向、土壤和煤炭开采对盘县矿区植被覆盖度空间分布的解释力。结果表明:盘县矿区植被生长状况持续好转,地形、开发建设和煤炭活动共同影响矿区植被的空间分布;不同煤炭开采规划区内植被生长状况差异较大,位于山地的规划矿区内植被生长状况较好、年际变化幅度较小,村镇和矿区密集的地方植被覆盖度较低;煤炭开采对植被空间分布的影响小于地形因子的影响且不断下降。(2)煤炭开采对矿区土壤流失量的影响。采用RUSLE模型估算盘县矿区在2000-2015年中土壤物质流失强度,运用缓冲区分析、空间统计等方法研究煤炭开采对土壤物质流失量的扰动。研究结果表明:煤炭开采活动加剧了矿区及其附近2km范围区域内的土壤物质流失量,距离矿区越远其影响越弱;降水是影响盘县矿区土壤流失年际变化的主要因素;矿区生产范围内外土壤物质流失量对比来看,林地、耕地和未利用地上土壤流失量均大于矿区外部,在缓坡区域矿区内外对比差异大于陡坡区域。(3)构建矿区土地生态质量评价指标体系并分析盘县矿区土地生态质量的空间分异性和煤矿开发建设对土地生态质量的影响。基于景观生态学的原理,从景观稳定性、干扰程度和土地生态效益三方面构建综合评价指标体系对盘县矿区土地生态质量进行综合评价,对评价结果的空间分异性进行分析,并采用地理加权回归的方法分析地形、气候、工矿开发、道路建设和水资源等对盘县矿区土地生态质量的作用。结果表明:盘县生态质量较差的面积比例较大,土地生态质量的空间分布具有明显的空间正相关性,土地生态质量较好的区域趋向于分布在远离矿区的区域;工矿开发对土地生态质量的影响小于地形、气候和城镇距离等因子的影响。
[Abstract]:With the continuous and rapid development of economy in China, the demand for coal resources is increasing, and the high intensity mining activities in coal mining area make the quality of mining land continue to decline and the productivity continue to decline. The study on the law of land degradation and evolution in coal mining area can provide theoretical basis and scientific reference for land management and ecological restoration in mining area. At present, there is not a general definition of land degradation in mining area. This paper combines the characteristics of ecological evolution of land in coal mining area from the angle of sustainable land use, and from the point of view of vegetation degradation in mining area, Soil material loss and land ecological quality were evaluated and analyzed in Panxian coal mine area. The main research contents and results were as follows: (1) study on temporal and spatial evolution of vegetation coverage in mining area. The spatial distribution data of vegetation coverage in coal mining area were extracted by 30m resolution remote sensing image. The relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation coverage and coal mining in Panxian mining area from 2000 to 2015 is studied qualitatively by using the global spatial autocorrelation and "hot spot" analysis method. The factor detectors in the method of geographical detector analysis were used to quantitatively compare the interpretation of elevation, slope, slope direction, soil and coal mining on the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage in Panxian mining area. The results show that the vegetation growth status in Panxian mining area is continuously improved, the topography, development and construction and coal activities affect the spatial distribution of vegetation in the mining area, and the vegetation growth status in different coal mining planning areas is different. The vegetation growth condition is better in the planning mining area in the mountain area, the range of interannual change is small, and the vegetation coverage degree of the village and the mining area is low. The influence of coal mining on the spatial distribution of vegetation is less than that on topographic factors and is decreasing. (2) the influence of coal mining on soil loss in mining area. The RUSLE model was used to estimate the soil material loss intensity in Panxian mining area from 2000 to 2015. The disturbance of coal mining on soil material loss was studied by means of buffer zone analysis and spatial statistics. The results show that the coal mining activities aggravate the amount of soil material loss in the mining area and its adjacent 2km area, and the farther away from the mining area, the weaker the influence is, the precipitation is the main factor affecting the interannual variation of soil loss in Panxian mining area. Comparing the amount of soil material loss inside and outside the mining area, the loss of forest land, cultivated land and unused land is larger than that outside the mining area. The difference between inside and outside mining area in gentle slope area is greater than that in steep slope area. (3) the evaluation index system of land ecological quality in mining area is constructed and the spatial differentiation of land ecological quality in Panxian mining area and the influence of coal mine development and construction on land ecological quality are analyzed. Based on the principle of landscape ecology, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed from three aspects of landscape stability, disturbance degree and land ecological benefit to comprehensively evaluate the land ecological quality of Panxian mining area, and the spatial differentiation of the evaluation results is analyzed. The effects of topography, climate, industrial and mining development, road construction and water resources on the land ecological quality of Panxian mining area were analyzed by using the method of geographical weighted regression. The results show that the area of poor ecological quality in Panxian County is larger, the spatial distribution of land ecological quality has obvious spatial positive correlation, and the area with better land ecological quality tends to be distributed far from the mining area. The influence of industrial and mining development on land ecological quality is less than that of topography, climate and distance between towns and cities.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q14;TD82

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