淀粉系保水剂的保水性及其磷肥有效性研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 01:34

本文关键词： 载磷保水剂磷肥有效性油菜土壤水分　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鄂东南年降水量充沛,但是季节性干旱较严重。干旱不仅限制了作物对水分的吸收,同时也降低了土壤磷的有效性。红壤是鄂东南的地带性土壤,具有强大的固磷能力。为解决红壤干旱引起的磷的有效性降低的问题,人们进行了大量的研究,但大多单从提高土壤抗旱能力或磷肥有效性的角度出发。本研究试图在提高土壤保水能力的基础上同时提高磷肥的有效性。本研究以鄂东南的红壤为主要试验材料,试验设计为:对照(CK,土壤中不施加磷肥和保水剂)、淀粉系保水剂(W,土壤中只施加无磷的淀粉系保水剂)、淀粉系载磷保水剂(WP,土壤中施加淀粉系载磷保水剂)、单施磷肥(P,土壤中施加与WP中所含磷素相同的磷肥)、淀粉系保水剂与磷肥(W+P,土壤中施加无磷保水剂和定量磷肥)五个处理,设置高中低三个水平。研究不同处理对土壤水分利用效率、土壤中有效磷含量、植株中磷素含量的影响。主要结果如下:1)施用保水剂或磷肥影响土壤的水分状况及植株需水状况。在间隔相同的时间段内,施加保水剂处理在试验初期所需水分高于不施加保水剂处理,在试验后期所需水分低于不施加保水剂处理,施加磷肥处理(WP、P、W+P)在整个试验过程中对水分的需求量一直高于不施加磷肥处理(W、CK)。土壤的水分利用效率同样受保水剂的影响,试验初期保水剂处理水分利用效率较低,试验后期保水剂处理水分利用效率较高。2)施用载磷保水剂能显著提高土壤中的有效磷含量。在盆栽试验条件下,单施保水剂对土壤有效磷含量无显著影响,而施加磷肥(WP、W+P、P)对土壤中有效磷含量有显著影响,并且,磷肥施加量越多土壤有效含量越高:油菜成熟时,WP、W+P、P处理高水平(水平2、3)下,土壤中有效磷含量分别为10.90 mg/kg、9.39 mg/kg、8.96 mg/kg,显著高于无磷肥处理,也显著高于低水平(水平1)处理(土壤有效磷含量分别为4.71 mg/kg、4.51 mg/kg、4.14 mg/kg)。室内模拟试验条件下,在土壤质量含水量为20%-40%的水分条件下,载磷保水剂(WP)处理在试验整个过程中大部分时间段内其土壤磷素含量高于其余处理,并且时间越长差异越明显。3)施用载磷保水剂显著提高油菜对磷的吸收利用。单施保水剂对油菜植株全磷含量有一定影响,但影响不显著,磷肥处理(包括载磷保水剂)对油菜植株全磷含量及油菜磷素的累积量均有显著影响,各处理磷素累积量的大小顺序为WPW+PPW、CK。较高水平的磷肥处理(水平2和水平3)的磷肥利用率显著高于其它处理,且WP处理高于W+P、P处理,WP处理磷肥利用率最高达16.85%,W+P和P处理分别为14.06%、11.10%,水平1下WP、W+P、P处理的磷肥利用率分别为6.40%、7.12%、8.48%,显著低于水平2、3。4)施用保水剂或磷肥显著影响油菜的生长状况。土壤中添加磷肥对油菜的根粗、茎长、叶片指数等都有显著影响,对油菜生物产量也有显著影响,并且WP处理对磷肥的缓释作用,使得油菜苗期W+P和P处理油菜生物量较高,而到了试验后期WP处理油菜植株干重最高,WP的经济产量达533.73 kg/hm2,同样高于W+P处理(527.24 kg/hm2)和P处理(508.05 kg/hm2)。
[Abstract]:The annual precipitation in the southeast of Hubei Province is abundant, but seasonal drought is serious. Drought not only limit the absorption of water by crops, but also reduces the availability of phosphorus in soils. Soil is the southeastern Hubei area of soil, with the fixation ability strong. In order to solve the drought caused by soil phosphorus is effective to reduce the problem, people have done a lot of research, but mostly from improving drought resistance of soil or fertilizer effectiveness perspective. This study attempts to improve the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer based on improved soil water retention capacity at the same time. In this study, red soil in southeast of Hubei Province as the main experimental material, experimental design: control (CK, soil in applying phosphate fertilizer and water retaining agent), starch water retaining agent (W, soil applied starch and phosphorus free water holding agent), starch phosphatic super absorbent polymer (WP, soil starch phosphatic super absorbent polymer), P (P, WP and soil In the same fertilizer, phosphorus element) starch water retaining agent and fertilizer (W+P, soil phosphorus aquasorb and quantitative phosphate) five, set the school three levels. The effects of different treatments on soil water use efficiency, soil available phosphorus content, phosphorus content of plants affected mainly. The results are as follows: 1) aquasorb fertilizer or affect the soil moisture and plant water status. In the same time interval, applying aquasorb required at the beginning of the experiment was higher than that of SAP apply water treatment, water is lower than the treatment applied at the end of the experiment, applying phosphorus fertilizer (WP, P, W+P) in the whole test process of water demand has been higher than that without applying phosphorus fertilizer (W, CK). The soil water use efficiency by the same effect of water retaining agent, water retaining agent for early testing of low efficiency of water treatment, the end of the experiment SAP with high water use efficiency.2) applying load phosphate additive can significantly improve the effective phosphorus content in soil. Under the condition of pot experiment, single aquasorb had no significant effect on soil available phosphorus content and phosphorus fertilization (WP, W+P, P) on the content of available phosphorus in soils have a significant effect, and the content of phosphate fertilizer, applying effective soil more higher: rape when mature, WP, W+P, P high level (level 2,3), effective phosphorus content in soil were 10.90 mg/kg, 9.39 mg/kg, 8.96 mg/kg, was significantly higher than that in non fertilizer treatment was higher than the low level (Level 1) treatment (soil the content of available phosphorus were 4.71 mg/kg, 4.51 mg/kg, 4.14 mg/kg). The experimental conditions of indoor simulation, the mass water content of soil moisture conditions under 20%-40% load, phosphate additive (WP) treatment in the test in the whole process of most of the time period of the soil phosphorus content is higher than the rest. The difference, and the longer the time, the more obvious the.3 application) carrying phosphate additive significantly improve the absorption of rape phosphorus use. Single aquasorb has a certain effect on the total phosphorus content of rapeseed, but no significant influence of phosphorus treatment (including loading phosphorus aquasorb) on the content of total phosphorus and phosphorus significantly affected rapeseed rapeseed plants accumulation both of the phosphorus accumulation in the order of WPW+PPW, CK. phosphate high level (Level 2 and level 3) the phosphate utilization rate was significantly higher than other treatments, and the treatment of WP is higher than W+P, P, WP phosphate utilization rate up to 16.85%, W+P and P respectively. 14.06%, 11.10%, 1 level of WP, W+P, P fertilizer processing utilization rate were 6.40%, 7.12%, 8.48%, 2,3.4) was significantly lower than the level of aquasorb fertilizer or significantly affect growth. P in soil on rape root diameter, stem length, leaf index etc. Have a significant effect, also have a significant impact on rapeseed yield, and WP sustained release of phosphate, W+P and P make the rape seedling biomass of rape is high, and to test the late WP processing rapeseed plant dry weight maximum economic yield of WP reached 533.73 kg/hm2, also higher than the W+P treatment (527.24 kg/hm2) and P (508.05 kg/hm2).

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S482.99;S143.2

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