肇源县耕地质量评价

发布时间：2018-02-10 08:52

本文关键词： 耕地质量综合评价水土资源 GIS　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地——土地资源中最为精华的部分,能够促进社会和经济的可持续发展,通过合理的利用耕地资源并且对其进行有效的保护能够解决粮食安全问题。随着国民经济高速增长,人们对粮食数量的需求以及粮食品质要求日益加倍的同时粮食的安全问题不是很乐观。粮食的数量与品质直接受到土地质量好坏的影响,因此,极其艰巨的任务就是保障各个地区耕地数量的同时保证其耕地产量。近年来随着经济的发展,人们在对土地资源进行开发利用的过程中黑龙江省肇源县出现了气候干旱化、水土流失、土壤沙化、土壤盐碱化、湿地面积减少、湖泊萎缩等一系列水、土资源质量问题,严重影响农业发展,同时对粮食安全也产生了重大的影响。为满足人口对粮食的客观需求、丰富研究区耕地质量评价以实现空间上因地制宜的合理安排农业生产、以及入选基本农田划定和政府制定土地规划、土地管理提供决策依据有着现实意义。本次研究对耕地质量评价的国内外研究动态进行了综述的同时,对取得的研究成果以及不足之处进行归纳总结。本文选取黑龙江省肇源县为研究区,对评价区域数据资料进行广泛收集,从耕地的自然质量、区位条件、空间形态和水资源空间分布构建耕地质量评价指标体系。采用层次分析法确定指标权重。本次研究土壤数据运用GPS对实地样点进行空间定位按照每2 km2一个点的密度标准格网进行均匀布点,获得表层土壤样本共1030个,按照生态地球化学评价样品分析的要求进行化验分析,通过Spss软件对土壤样本采用主成分分析,获得综合土壤肥力;土地利用覆被数据基于ENVI遥感影像处理软件和ARCGIS地理信息系统软件为平台,对Spot5遥感影像进行几何校正与配准、增强处理,并依据二调标准确定肇源县土地利用覆被类型,通过实地调查进行人工目视解译,获得肇源县土地利用覆被数据(耕地图斑30501块);利用肇源县地表水资源分布图,对其进行图件扫描、矢量化等,获得肇源县水资源分布格局:强富水区、中等富水区、弱富水区、贫富水区。利用Arc GIS软件中的空间叠加功能进行叠加分析,获得水土资源质量综合评价。采用自然断点法将综合评价结果划分为五级:一级耕地面积为占耕地总面积的48.79%,分布集中且占有量最多;二级耕地面积占耕地总面积的10.80%,分布零散且占有量不多;三级耕地面积占耕地总面积的20.99%,三极耕地占有量较多且相对集中分布与全县中部;四级耕地面积占耕地总面积的5.52%,四级耕地占有量为全县最少且分布零散;五级耕地面积占耕地总面积的13.90%,集中分布于肇源县西部。肇源县耕地综合质量整体较好,肇源县综合质量评价分值从东到西逐步升高,即西部较高,东部较差。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land-the most essential part of land resources, can promote the sustainable development of society and economy, and can solve the problem of food security through the rational utilization and effective protection of cultivated land resources. The increasing demand for food quantity and the increasing demand for food quality are not very optimistic about food security. The quantity and quality of food are directly affected by the quality of land. The most difficult task is to ensure the amount of cultivated land in all regions and to ensure the yield of cultivated land. With the development of economy, people have developed and utilized land resources in Zhaoyuan County, Heilongjiang Province, in recent years, there has been a climate drought in Zhaoyuan County, Heilongjiang Province. A series of water and soil resources quality problems, such as soil erosion, soil desertification, soil salinization, reduced wetland area and shrinking lakes, have seriously affected the development of agriculture. In order to meet the objective demand of the population for food, to enrich the evaluation of cultivated land quality in the research area to realize the reasonable arrangement of agricultural production according to the local conditions in space, It is of practical significance to select the basic farmland delineation and the government to make the land planning and land management to provide the decision basis. This study summarizes the domestic and foreign research trends of farmland quality evaluation at the same time. This paper selects Zhaoyuan County of Heilongjiang Province as the research area, collects the data of the evaluation region widely, from the natural quality of cultivated land, location conditions, The evaluation index system of cultivated land quality is constructed by spatial form and spatial distribution of water resources. The index weight is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The soil data of this study use GPS to locate the spot space according to every 2 km2. Density standard grid for uniform distribution of points, A total of 1 030 surface soil samples were obtained and analyzed according to the requirements of ecological geochemical evaluation samples. The soil fertility was obtained by principal component analysis of soil samples by Spss software. Based on ENVI remote sensing image processing software and ARCGIS GIS software, land use cover data is used for geometric correction and registration of Spot5 remote sensing image, enhancement processing, and land use cover type in Zhaoyuan County is determined according to two adjustment standards. The land use and cover data of Zhaoyuan County are obtained by artificial visual interpretation through field investigation. (30501 plots of cultivated land, map of surface water resources distribution in Zhaoyuan County, map scanning, vectorization, etc.). The distribution pattern of water resources in Zhaoyuan County is obtained: strong water rich area, middle rich water area, weak rich water area and rich water area. The superposition function of Arc GIS software is used for superposition analysis. The comprehensive evaluation of soil and water resources quality was obtained. The comprehensive evaluation results were divided into five levels by using the natural breakpoint method: the first grade cultivated land area was 48.79% of the total cultivated land area, the distribution was concentrated and the possession was the most; The second grade cultivated land area accounts for 10.80% of the total cultivated land area, the distribution is scattered and the amount of possession is small, the third grade cultivated land area accounts for 20.99% of the total cultivated land area, and the three-pole cultivated land has more and relatively concentrated distribution with the central part of the county. The area of cultivated land at four levels accounts for 5.52% of the total cultivated land area, and the amount of cultivated land in grade four is the least and scattered in the whole county, while the area of cultivated land of grade five occupies 13.90% of the total cultivated land area, which is concentrated in the western part of Zhaoyuan County. The comprehensive quality of cultivated land in Zhaoyuan County is good as a whole. The score of comprehensive quality evaluation in Zhaoyuan County increased gradually from east to west, that is, higher in the west and worse in the east.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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