滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对土壤理化性质及棉花产量品质的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 22:22

本文选题：棉花 + 盐碱地　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：试验于2015~2016年在山东省滨州市梁才乡毛里庄村盐碱地棉田进行。试验在连续2年(2013~2014年)棉花秸秆还田的基础上,于2014年11月下旬棉花收获后进行深松处理。试验采用裂区设计,主区为秸秆还田和未还田,副区为深松和未深松,研究棉花秸秆还田和深松对0~60 cm土层土壤理化性质及棉花产量品质的影响,以期对滨海盐碱地棉花种植及该地区棉花秸秆还田和土壤深松的大面积推广应用提供重要的理论支撑。主要研究结果如下:1.棉花秸秸秆还田和深松对土壤结构秆还田和深松对土壤结构构及含水量及含水量量的影响的影响与未还田(CK,S)相比,秸秆还田(SR,SRS)显著降低0~30 cm土层土壤容重,显著降低0~10 cm土层0.25 mm土壤微团聚体含量,显著提高0~10 cm土层5 mm土壤大团聚体含量;与未深松相比(CK,SR),深松(S,SRS)有降低10~40 cm土层土壤容重的趋势,但差异不显著,对0~30 cm土层土壤团聚体含量无显著影响。还田和深松对土壤含水量均无显著影响。2.棉花秸秆还田和深松对土壤化学性质的影响在0~20 cm土层,与未还田(CK,S)相比,秸秆还田(SR,SRS)显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量,降低土壤含盐量和速效磷含量;与未深松(CK,SR)相比,深松(S,SRS)显著提高土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量,降低土壤有机质、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量,对土壤含盐量影响年际间有所不同,主要降低棉花蕾期和花铃期土壤含盐量。在20~40 cm土层,与未还田(CK,S)相比,秸秆还田(SR,SRS)显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,降低土壤含盐量;与未深松(CK,SR)相比,深松(S,SRS)显著提高土壤速效磷含量,降低土壤全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量,对土壤含盐量影响年际间有所不同,主要降低棉花蕾期和花铃期土壤含盐量。在40~60 cm土层,与未还田(CK,S)相比,秸秆还田(SR,SRS)显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量;与未深松(CK,SR)相比,深松(S,SRS)显著降低土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量。3.棉花秸秆还田和深松对土壤呼吸吸速率速率率及酶活性的影响及酶活性的影响在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,秸秆还田和深松均显著提高土壤呼吸速率、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。在40~60 cm土层,秸秆还田和深松均显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性。4.棉花秸秆还田和深松对对棉株生物量和养分含量的影响棉株生物量和养分含量的影响与对照CK相比,秸秆还田和深松均显著提高了棉花植株、营养器官和生殖器官生物累积量,氮磷钾累积量均表现为SRSSRSCK,且生殖器官氮磷钾经济系数均表现为SRSSRSCK。5.棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花花生长发育及产量品质的影响生长发育及产量品质的影响与对照CK相比,还田和深松提高了株高,降低脱落率,对第一果枝节位、高度、果枝数和总果节数无显著影响。还田和深松均显著提高棉花籽棉产量和皮棉产量,对单铃重、衣分和纤维品质无显著影响。
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in cotton field of Liangcai Xiang Mao Li Zhuang Village, Binzhou City, Shandong Province from 2015 to 2016. The experiment was conducted on the basis of returning cotton straw to the field for 2 consecutive years from 2013 to 2014, and was treated with deep loosening after cotton harvest in late November 2014. The split zone design was adopted. The main area was straw returning and not returning, the secondary area was deep and no deep loosening. The effects of cotton straw returning and deep loosening on soil physical and chemical properties of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer and cotton yield and quality were studied. It is expected to provide important theoretical support for cotton planting in coastal saline and alkali land and the wide application of cotton straw returning to field and soil deep loosening in this area. The main results are as follows: 1. The effect of returning cotton straw to soil structure and soil moisture content was significantly lower than that of non-returning soil straw (SRS), and the soil bulk density of 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer was significantly decreased by the application of cotton straw to soil structure and soil moisture content. The content of microaggregates in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer was significantly decreased, and the content of large aggregates in 5 mm soil layer of 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer was significantly increased, and the soil bulk density of 10 ~ 40 cm soil layer was decreased, but the difference was not significant, compared with that of non-deep soil layer. There was no significant effect on soil aggregate content in 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer. There was no significant effect on soil moisture content. The effect of returning cotton straw to field and deep loosening on soil chemical properties was in the soil layer of 0 ~ 20 cm, and SRS) significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium. Compared with CK SRS, the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus was significantly increased, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium were decreased, compared with that of CK + SRS, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium were decreased, and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium were decreased. The effect of salt content on soil salinity was different from year to year, mainly reducing the salt content of cotton at bud stage and flowering and boll stage. In 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, SRS (SRS) significantly increased soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content and decreased soil salt content, compared with CK S), the SRS) significantly increased soil available phosphorus content and reduced soil total nitrogen. The effect of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen on soil salt content was different from year to year, and the salt content of cotton at bud stage and flowering and boll stage was mainly reduced. In the soil layer of 40 ~ 60 cm, SRS (SRS) significantly increased the content of nitrate and ammonium (SRS), and the content of soil nitrate and ammonium (SRS) decreased significantly compared with that of CK (SRS). The effects of cotton straw returning and deep loosening on soil respiration rate and enzyme activity were observed in 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm soil layers, and the soil respiration rate, urease, sucrase and catalase activity were significantly increased. In 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer, straw returning and deep loosening significantly increased the catalase activity of soil. 4. The effect of returning cotton straw to field and deep pine on biomass and nutrient content of cotton plant were compared with CK, and the biomass accumulation of cotton plant, vegetative organ and reproductive organ were significantly increased by straw returning to field and deep pine. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was SRS SRSCK, and the economic coefficient of N, P, K in reproductive organs was SRS SRSCK. 5. The effects of returning cotton straw to field and deep pine on the growth and development of cotton flower and yield and quality were compared with CK, the returning field and deep pine increased plant height, reduced shedding rate, and increased the height of the first fruit branch, compared with CK. The number of fruit branches and the total number of fruit nodes had no significant effect. The yield of cotton seed cotton and lint cotton were significantly increased by returning to the field and deep pine, but there was no significant effect on boll weight, lint percentage and fiber quality.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S562;S141.4

【参考文献】