钾肥用量对大蒜-棉花套作体系产量和土壤钾素有效性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-09 09:08

本文选题：钾肥用量 + 蒜棉套作　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：为明确钾肥用量对大蒜—棉花套作体系产量和土壤钾素有效性的影响,确定2季作物最佳钾肥施用量,为黄淮海平原大蒜—棉花套作地区合理施用钾肥提供依据。于2013—2016年在山东省金乡县进行连续4年7季的田间定位试验,试验设CK(0kg/hm~2),K90(90kg/hm~2),K180(180kg/hm~2),K270(270kg/hm~2)4个不同施钾量(K_2O)处理。大蒜和棉花单季施钾量相同(K_2O 0,90,180,270kg/hm~2),各处理氮肥和磷肥施用量一致。分析不同施钾量对大蒜、棉花产量及产量构成的影响,明确不同施钾量对棉花收获后0—100cm土层速效钾含量和0—20cm土壤钾素形态的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,不同施钾处理棉花显著增产18.4%~72.7%,皮棉产量随施钾量的增加而增加,但K270与K180处理皮棉产量和经济效益差异不显著;施钾显著提高了棉花单株成铃数和单铃重,对衣分含量无显著影响。与CK相比,不同施钾处理大蒜蒜薹显著增产10.1%~64.2%,鳞茎显著增产8.7%~93.3%。2016年K270处理蒜薹产量较其他处理显著增产6.6%~64.8%,鳞茎显著增产32.5%~93.3%。大蒜经济效益以K270处理最高。增加钾肥施用量显著提高了棉花收获后0—20cm土壤速效钾含量,但各处理60—100cm土层速效钾含量差异不显著。经过4年7季施肥后,K90,K180,K270处理较CK不同程度提高了0—20cm土壤水溶性钾(13.6,20.1,26.1mg/kg)、非特殊吸附钾(10.4,19.6,53.4mg/kg)、非交换性钾(34.3,53.9,140.1mg/kg)和全钾含量,提高了水溶性钾和非特殊吸附钾的比例。综合土壤环境因素、作物产量和经济效益,建议该大蒜—棉花套作区棉花施钾量为K_2O 180kg/hm~2、大蒜施钾量为K_2O 270kg/hm~2。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer application on the yield of garlic cotton intercropping system and the availability of soil potassium, the optimum potassium fertilizer application rate for two crops was determined, which provided the basis for the rational application of potassium fertilizer in the garlic cotton intercropping area in the Huang-Huai Hai Plain. A field positioning experiment was conducted in Jinxiang County, Shandong Province for 4 years and 7 consecutive seasons from 2013-2016. The experiment was conducted with CK 0 kg / hmg 2 + K90 / kg / hmHM ~ (2 +) K180 ~ 180 kg / hm ~ (2 +) K ~ (180) / h ~ (2 +) K ~ (2 +) ~ (270) kg ~ (-1) K ~ (2 +) ~ (2) K _ 2O) treatment in Jinxiang County, Shandong Province. The amount of potassium applied to garlic and cotton per season was the same as that of K _ 2O _ 0 / kg ~ 90180 ~ 270 kg / h ~ (-2) h ~ (2 +) / h ~ (2 +) / kg ~ (-1). The effects of different potassium application rates on the yield and yield composition of garlic and cotton were analyzed. The effects of different potassium application rates on the available potassium content in 0-100cm soil layer and the potassium forms of 0-20cm soil were determined. The results showed that compared with CK, the yield of lint cotton increased significantly by 18.4% and 72.7%, and the yield of lint increased with the increase of potassium application rate, but there was no significant difference between K270 and K180 treatments in lint yield and economic benefit. Potassium application significantly increased boll number and boll weight per plant, but had no significant effect on lint content. Compared with CK, different potassium application treatments significantly increased garlic bolting yield by 10.1% and 64.2%, bulb yield increased significantly by 8.7, 93.3.2016, compared with other treatments, the bolting yield of garlic bolting increased significantly by 6.6% and 64.8%, and bulb yield increased significantly by 32.5% and 93.3% compared with other treatments. The highest economic benefit of garlic was treated with K270. The content of available potassium in 0-20cm soil after cotton harvest was significantly increased by increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer, but there was no significant difference in available potassium content in soil layer of 60-100cm with different treatments. After 4 years and 7 years fertilization, the content of water soluble potassium in 0-20cm soil was increased to different extent than that in CK, and the ratio of water soluble potassium to non special adsorbed potassium was increased by 13. 6 ~ 20. 1 mg 路kg ~ (-1), 10. 4 ~ 19. 6 mg / kg ~ (4) mg 路kg ~ (-1) K ~ (2 +) and 34. 3% ~ 53. 914. 1 mg 路kg ~ (-1) of total potassium, respectively, and the ratio of water soluble potassium to non-special adsorbed potassium was increased. Considering the soil environmental factors, crop yield and economic benefits, it is suggested that K _ 2O 180 kg 路hm-1 路hm ~ (-2) for cotton and K _ 2O 270 kg / h ~ (-1) ~ (2) for garlic in this garlic cotton intercropping area.
【作者单位】：土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室山东农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家“948”重点项目(2011-G30) 国家自然科学基金项目(41571236) 国家重点研发计划(SQ2017ZY060105)
【分类号】：S158;S562;S633.4

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