陕西观音山自然保护区土壤特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 10:38

本文选题：观音山 + 土壤分类　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：陕西观音山自然保护区地处秦岭南坡中段。观音山自然保护区不仅是我国一级保护动物大熊猫的重要分布区域,也是我国其他珍稀保护动物如金丝猴、羚牛等动物的重要栖息地。研究陕西观音山自然保护区土壤类型分布与土壤理化性质,可以揭示其生态系统的退化机理,提出土壤生态系统的恢复及重建策略,从而更好地发挥该地区的生态屏障保护功能,也进一步加强对周边生态环境优化及改善提出合理化建议。一直以来,对观音山土壤类型分布研究较少,针对观音山土壤特性的研究目前仍处于缺乏状态。本研究以观音山4中典型土壤类型为研究对象,通过野外成土环境及剖面构型调查,归纳得到观音山自然保护区土壤类型分布,并队各类型土壤成土母质与成土过程进行了详细分析;通过采集样地样品进行室内土壤分析,分析出观音山4类土壤类型的物理机械组成,土壤化学性质:土壤pH值、有机质、氮、磷、钾,以及微量元素含量。观音山自然保护区土壤类型分布及特性研究结果如下:(1)观音山自然保护区土壤类型分布呈现垂直分布状态,山地黄棕壤分布在1500m以下的地区;山地棕壤主要分布于1500~2300m的中山地带;山地暗棕壤主要分布于海拔2300m~2500m的秦岭梁脊一带;山地草甸土分布于2500m~2575m的山顶地带。各类土壤由于成土母质和成土过程的差异,使得其理化性质也各异。(2)观音山自然保护区森林植被类型对土壤的有机质含量有显著的影响。针阔叶混交林的土壤有机质含量最高,夏绿、常绿阔叶混交林土壤有机质含量最低。土壤有机质多集中在土壤的A层,并随着土壤的深度的增加而显著减少。(3)保护区内土壤全P含量属于缺乏水平。随着海拔高度的变化,土壤全P含量呈现垂直分异规律:山地草甸土山地暗棕壤山地棕壤山地黄棕壤。土壤各剖面层次全P含量也呈现垂直分异规律:A层B层C层。但是由于各类土壤生长的植被不一样,以及土壤的成土过程和条件各异,全P含量在某些层次、某些土类间并非完全垂直分异,需要具体分析。(4)保护区内土壤全N含量处于中等以上水平。随着海拔高度的变化,土壤全N含量无明显的垂直分异特征,除山地黄棕壤外,其余各类土壤全P含量较丰富。说明海拔较低的土壤受人为的干扰较严重,土壤地表有机质少。虽然各类土壤无明显垂直分异规律,但是各类土壤剖面层次全N水平垂直分异明显,而山地棕壤A、C层全N含量丰富,中间层中等水平。在四类土壤中,A层的全N呈现丰富水平,说明全N含量大部分来自于地表枯枝落叶。(5)保护区内土壤全K含量均处于丰富水平,其中山地黄棕壤的全钾处于甚丰富水平。随海拔变化各土类全K含量无明显的垂直分异,而且各土类剖面也无面向的垂直分异规律。(6)保护区内土壤微量元素含量各异,不同植物生长所需要的微量元素差异性导致了其土壤中微量元素的差异。植物生长大量需要的微量元素,该类土壤中对应微量元素处于缺乏水平;非生长必须微量元素,则大量富集。
[Abstract]:The Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve in Shaanxi is located in the middle section of the southern slope of Qinling Mountains. The Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve is not only an important distribution area for the protection of animal pandas at the first level in China, but also the important habitat of other rare protected animals, such as the golden monkey and the Tau, and other animals in China. The distribution of soil types and soil physical and chemical properties in the Shaanxi Guanyin Mountain self protected area are studied. Quality can reveal the degradation mechanism of its ecosystem, put forward the strategy of restoration and reconstruction of soil ecosystem, so as to give full play to the protection function of the ecological barrier in this area, and to further strengthen the rationalization proposals for the optimization and improvement of the surrounding ecological environment. The research on the soil characteristics of mountain is still in the lack of state. This study takes the typical soil type of Guanyin Mountain 4 as the research object. The soil type distribution of Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve is summed up through the investigation of soil forming environment and profile configuration in the field, and the soil parent material and soil forming process of various types of soil are analyzed in detail. The physical and mechanical composition of 4 types of soil in Guanyin Mountain, the soil chemical properties: soil pH value, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace element content were analyzed. The results of soil types distribution and characteristics of Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve were as follows: (1) the distribution of soil types in Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve showed vertical distribution. The distribution of the yellow brown soil in the mountain area is below 1500m; the mountain brown soil is mainly distributed in the Zhongshan area of the 1500~2300m; the dark brown soil in the mountain is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains ridge of the 2300m~2500m, and the mountain meadow soil is distributed in the mountain area of the 2500m~2575m. (2) the type of forest vegetation in Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve has a significant influence on the organic matter content of soil. The content of soil organic matter is the highest in the coniferous broadleaf mixed forest, and the soil organic matter content is the lowest in the summer green and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest. The soil organic matter is concentrated in the A layer of the soil, and decreases significantly with the increase of the soil depth. (3) the total P content of soil in the protected area was lacking. With the change of altitude, the total P content of soil showed vertical differentiation rule: mountain meadow dark brown soil brown soil mountain brown soil in mountain meadow. The total P content of all soil profile levels also showed vertical differentiation Law: A layer B layer C layer. Samples and soil forming processes and conditions are different, the total P content is at some levels, some soil types are not completely vertical differentiation. (4) the total N content in the soil is above medium level. With the altitude change, the soil total N content has no obvious vertical differentiation characteristics, except the mountain Rehmannia brown soil, the rest of the other types. The soil all P content is rich. It shows that the soil with low altitude is seriously disturbed by human, and the soil surface organic matter is few. Although there is no obvious vertical differentiation in the soil, the level of all kinds of soil profiles is all N horizontal, while the A in the mountain brown soil and the N content in the C layer are rich and middle level. In the four types of soil, the A layer is in the layer. The full N showed a rich level, indicating that the content of all N was mostly from the surface litter. (5) the total K content of soil in the protected area was at a rich level, and the total potassium of the yellow brown soil in the mountain area was very rich. There was no obvious vertical differentiation in the total K content of the soil classes with the elevation, and there was no vertical differentiation in the soil profiles. (6) The content of trace elements in soil in the protected area is different. The difference of trace elements needed for the growth of different plants leads to the difference of trace elements in the soil. The trace elements are needed in the plant growth. The corresponding trace elements in this kind of soil are in the lack of level, and the non growth must be microelements, and they are enriched in large quantities.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714

【参考文献】