不同生物质物料对热区酸性砖红壤的改良效果研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 01:34

本文选题：酸性土壤 + 植物物料　；参考：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来酸沉降和酸降雨等的频发加速了热区土壤的酸化,土壤酸化会导致土壤贫瘠化和重金属元素活化等问题,土壤酸化逐渐成为影响作物生产的重要因素。以不同添加量(1.5%、4.5%、7.5%)向热区典型酸性砖红壤中加入热带亚热带植物物料椰壳、橡胶木、香蕉假茎和甘蔗渣以及这四种植物物料制备的生物质炭,通过室内土壤培养试验和生物炭的盆栽试验比较不同物料对酸性砖红壤改良效果。研究结果如下：植物物料加入酸性土壤中可以不同程度地影响土壤pH值,其中香蕉假茎处理和橡胶木屑处理提升pH值效果要优于椰糠和甘蔗渣,土壤最终pH值与植物物料中的灰化碱(r2=0.91)、含氮量(r2=0.88)以及盐基离子含量(r2=0.92)呈显著正相关；除了椰糠处理其他物料均降低了土壤交换性酸度EA和交换性铝的含量；四种植物物料均能增加土壤盐基总量和阳离子交换量,土壤各盐基离子含量的变化因植物物料盐基养分而异；土壤有机质含量随着植物物料添加量的增加而增加；香蕉假茎处理土壤速效钾含量增加明显；除香蕉假茎处理外其他处理土壤速效磷含量低于对照；碱解氮含量的变化则随着物料的添加量增加而降低,香蕉假茎处理的碱解氮含量与对照之间无差异。添加生物质炭可以不同程度提高酸性土壤pH值,其中香蕉假茎炭处理的土壤pH上升幅度要优于椰壳炭、甘蔗炭和橡胶木炭；土壤最终pH值与生物炭中的灰化碱量(r2=0.99)、含氮量(r2=88)以及盐基离子含量(r2=97)呈显著正相关；四种生物质炭均增加了土壤盐基总量和阳离子交换量,香蕉假茎炭各添加量、椰壳炭4.5%、7.5%添加量和胶木炭7.5%添加量处理达到盐基过饱和；香蕉假茎炭、椰壳炭处理和橡胶木炭处理均能降低土壤交换性酸度和交换性铝的含量；土壤有机质随着生物质炭添加量的增加而增加；椰壳炭和香蕉假茎炭可以大幅度提升土壤速效钾含量；速效磷含量随着生物质炭添加量的增加而增加；香蕉假茎炭处理碱解氮含量显著低于对照土壤,其他处理与空白之间差异不显著。在温室小白菜盆栽试验中,香蕉假茎炭单施、石灰单施、香炭一椰炭混施、香炭一胶木炭混施、香炭一石灰混施等处理相比于对照小白菜单株鲜重均显著提高。生物质炭的单施和混施都能够降低土壤酸度；生物质炭混施的土壤有效养分含量和有机质含量均高于空白对照处理和石灰处理。综上所述,有机物料的改良效果顺序：香蕉假茎生物炭橡胶木生物炭椰壳生物炭甘蔗渣生物炭；香蕉假茎橡胶木渣甘蔗渣椰糠。盆栽综合效果来看：香炭一椰炭混施效果优于单施香蕉假茎炭。
[Abstract]:In recent years, acid deposition and acid precipitation have accelerated the acidification of soil in hot areas. Soil acidification will lead to soil barren and heavy metal activation. Soil acidification has gradually become an important factor affecting crop production. Add coconut shell, rubber wood, banana pseudostem and bagasse to typical acid latosol in the hot zone, and the biomass carbon produced by these four plant materials. The effects of different materials on the improvement of acid latosol were compared by indoor soil culture test and biochar pot experiment. The findings are as follows: Adding plant materials to acid soil could affect the pH value of soil to some extent, and the effect of banana pseudostem treatment and rubber sawdust treatment was better than that of coconut bran and bagasse. The final pH value of soil was positively correlated with the content of alkaline ash (R2N) 0.88) and the content of base ions (R20.92) in plant materials, except for coconut chaff treatment, the contents of exchangeable acidity EA and exchangeable aluminum in soil were decreased. All the four plant materials could increase the total amount of soil base and cation exchange capacity, and the content of soil basic ions varied with the amount of plant material, and the content of soil organic matter increased with the increase of plant material content, and the content of soil organic matter increased with the increase of plant material content. The content of available potassium in banana pseudostem treatment was obviously increased, the available phosphorus content in other treatments except banana pseudostem treatment was lower than that in control, and the change of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content decreased with the increase of material content. There was no difference between the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of banana pseudostem treatment and the control. The pH value of acidic soil could be increased by adding biomass charcoal, and the pH value of banana pseudostem charcoal was better than that of coconut char, sugarcane charcoal and rubber charcoal. The final pH value of soil was positively correlated with the amount of alkali ash in biochar, the content of nitrogen and the content of basic ions, and the total amount of base and cation exchange was increased, and the amount of banana pseudostem charcoal was increased, and the content of cationic exchange was increased in the four kinds of biomass charcoal, and the total amount of base and cation exchange was increased in the four kinds of biomass char, and the content of carbon in banana pseudostem was also increased in the four kinds of biomass charcoal. The addition of 4.5% and 7.5% of coconut shell charcoal and 7.5% addition of char reached base-base supersaturation, banana pseudostem charcoal, coconut shell charcoal treatment and rubber charcoal treatment all decreased the soil exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminum content. Soil organic matter increased with the increase of biomass carbon content, coconut shell charcoal and banana pseudostem charcoal increased soil available potassium content, and available phosphorus content increased with the increase of biomass carbon addition. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in banana pseudostem carbon treatment was significantly lower than that in control soil, but there was no significant difference between other treatments and blank. In pot experiment of greenhouse pakchoi, the fresh weight of banana pseudostem charcoal alone, lime alone, charcoal and coconut charcoal mixed, charcoal / rubber charcoal mixed, and charcoal / lime mixed application were significantly higher than that of the control pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.). The available nutrients and organic matter content of the soil treated with biomass carbon mixture were higher than those of the control treatment and lime treatment. To sum up, the order of improvement effect of organic materials: banana pseudostem biological carbon, wood, carbon, bagasse, and banana pseudostem rubber, bagasse and coconut bran. The comprehensive effect of pot culture showed that the effect of mixed application of fragrant charcoal and coconut charcoal was better than that of banana pseudostem charcoal alone.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.6

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