浙皖苏鲁晋五省农田生态系统木霉菌多样性及其农业功能评价

发布时间：2018-05-16 16:12

本文选题：木霉 + 生物多样性　；参考：《浙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：木霉(Trichoderma)是一种在工农业等领域有重要经济价值的丝状真菌,广泛分布于土壤和植物残体中。本论文从农田生态系统采集土壤和作物根茎样品,分离木霉菌,并开展种类鉴定、多样性分析和功能评价等研究,主要结果如下：1)从浙江省、安徽省、江苏省、山东省和山西省采集了920份土壤样品和297份作物根茎样品,并利用稀释平板法等方法分离、纯化得到了2438株土壤木霉菌和16株内生木霉菌。通过核糖体内转录间隔区间(Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS)和转录延伸因子(Transcription Elongation Factor, TEF)序列分析和形态学鉴定方法,鉴定出17种木霉:T. asperellum(427株)、T. atroviride(94株)、T. brevicompactum(80株)、T. capillare(2株)、T. erinaceum (16株)T. fertile(26株)、T. hamatum(397株)、T. harzianum(729株)、T.saturnisporum(2株)、T. koningiopsis(260株)T. longibrachiatum(22株)、T. oblongisporum(2株)、T. pleuroticola (16株)、T. polysporum (2株)、T. spirale(2株)、T. velutinum (8株)和T. virens(361株),还有8株未鉴定到种。其中木霉属是土壤真菌中的优势属(优势度Y=0.0230.02),而T. harzianum、 T. asperellum、T. hamatum和T. virens是木霉属内优势种(优势度Y0.02),其优势度分别为0.101、0.036、0.033和0.031. DnaSP分析发现这17种木霉属于51个单倍型,其中优势种T. asperellum有9个单倍型,T. harzianum有8个单倍型、T. hamatum有7个单倍型、T. koningiopsis有5个单倍型,表明这些种具有高度的遗传多样性,而T. virens只有1个单倍型。对51个单倍型的代表菌株进行了系统发育分析,其结果与目前已知的木霉系统进化关系基本保持一致。2)调查了这5个省的木霉分布情况和优势度情况,浙江省共鉴定出14种木霉,其中T. hamatum、T. asperellum、T. virens和T. koningiopsis是浙江省的木霉属内优势种；江苏省共鉴定出12种木霉,其中T. asperellum、T. hamatum、T. harzianum和T. virens是江苏省的木霉优势种；安徽省共鉴定出10种木霉,其中T. virens、T. harzianum、T. hamatum和T. koningiopsis是安徽省的优势种；山东省共鉴定出13种木霉,其中T. harzianum和T. asperellum是山东省的木霉优势种；山西省共鉴定出9种木霉,其中T. harzianum和T. asperellum是山西省的木霉优势种。本研究发现木霉多样性随着地区、作物和季节的变化而变化。整体上,南方木霉多样性要高于北方；在三种主要作物(水稻、玉米和小麦)土壤中,各种木霉的组成和数量都有所不同；优势种T. asperellum和T. harzianum菌株数量在三个季节中变化不大,T. hamatum和T. virens在春季的菌株数量明显小于夏季和秋季,在夏季分离到稀有种的数量最多。3)对1425株木霉菌进行了对峙培养,发现不仅不同种菌株对灰霉病菌、尖孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌的抑菌效果不同,而且同种的不同菌株对三种病原菌的抑菌效果也不相同,并筛选出了99株拮抗菌株。其中从2014年分离的964株木霉菌中筛选出了60株拮抗能力较强的菌株,并测定了其外切几丁质酶、内切几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和蛋白酶的酶活；筛选出的拮抗菌株大都属于优势种这一现象也表明木霉优势种在生物防治方面的巨大潜力。
[Abstract]:Trichoderma (Trichoderma) is a kind of filamentous fungi, which has important economic value in industry and agriculture. It is widely distributed in soil and plant residues. This paper collected soil and crop rhizome samples, isolated Trichoderma from farmland ecosystem, and carried out species identification, diversity analysis and functional evaluation. The main results are as follows: 1) from Zhejiang Province, 1) 920 soil samples and 297 crop rhizomes were collected in jiangprovince, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shandong province and Shanxi Province, and 2438 strains of Trichoderma and 16 endophytic Trichoderma were purified by dilution plate method. Through the Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS and Tra Nscription Elongation Factor, TEF) sequence analysis and morphological identification methods, identified 17 species of Trichoderma: T. asperellum (427 strains), T. atroviride (94 strains), T. brevicompactum (80 strains), T. capillare (2 strains), 26 plants (397 strains), 729 plants (2 strains), 260 (2 strains) T. longibrachiatum (22 strains), T. oblongisporum (2 strains), T. pleuroticola (16 strains), T. polysporum (2 strains), T. spirale (2 strains), T. velutinum (8 strains) and 361 plants, and 8 unidentified species. ENS is the dominant species in the genus Trichoderma (dominance Y0.02). Its dominance is 0.101,0.036,0.033 and 0.031. DnaSP, respectively. The 17 species of Trichoderma are 51 haplotypes, of which there are 9 haplotypes of T. asperellum in the dominant species, 8 haplotypes of T. harzianum, T. hamatum 7 haplotypes and 5 haplotypes for T.. High genetic diversity, and T. virens had only 1 haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of 51 haplotype strains was carried out. The results were basically consistent with the known phylogenetic relationship of Trichoderma. The distribution and dominance of Trichoderma in the 5 provinces were investigated. 14 species of Trichoderma were identified in Zhejiang Province, of which T. hamatum, T Asperellum, T. virens and T. koningiopsis are the dominant species in the genus Trichoderma in Zhejiang province. In Jiangsu Province, 12 species of Trichoderma are identified, of which T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum and T. are the dominant species of Trichoderma in Jiangsu province. In Anhui Province, 10 species of Trichoderma are identified. 13 species of Trichoderma were identified in Shandong province. Among them, T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the dominant species of Trichoderma in Shandong province. In Shanxi Province, 9 species of Trichoderma were identified, of which T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the dominant species of Trichoderma in Shanxi province. The diversity of Trichoderma in the south is higher than that in the north. In the soil of three major crops (rice, corn and wheat), the composition and quantity of all kinds of Trichoderma are different. The number of T. asperellum and T. harzianum dominant strain of the dominant species varies little in the three seasons, and the number of T. hamatum and T. virens in spring is obviously smaller than that in summer and autumn. 1425 strains of Trichoderma were isolated and cultured in summer, and 1425 strains of Trichoderma were cultivated. It was found that the bacteriostasis effect of different strains on gryderomonas sp., Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia was different, and the bacteriostasis effects of different strains of the same species on the three pathogens were also different, and 99 strains of antagonistic strains were screened out. 60 strains with strong antagonism were screened from 964 strains of Trichoderma isolated in 2014, and the enzyme activities of chitinase, chitinase, glucanase and protease were measured, and most of the screened antagonistic strains belonged to the dominant species, which also showed the great potential of Trichoderma predominant species in biological control.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S182

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