望都苹果园叶螨的发生动态及释放捕食螨的防控效果评价

发布时间：2018-05-16 16:38

本文选题：苹果 + 苹果全爪螨　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：叶螨是我国苹果产区常发性主要害虫,目前防治叶螨主要是依靠喷施化学药剂,而大量喷施杀螨剂不仅杀伤了天敌还会导致害虫产生抗药性。为了解苹果园叶螨发生动态和探究天敌的保护与利用,指导果农合理且适期的使用化学农药,我们于2014年在保定市望都县两个苹果园对叶螨种类和发生动态进行了系统调查,同时进行了田间释放捕食螨防治苹果全爪螨的试验,结果如下:1.苹果园叶螨种类和发生动态2014年望都县七里铺苹果园和许庄苹果园优势种群均为苹果全爪螨。被调查的望都县两个苹果园枝干上越冬的苹果全爪螨越冬卵数量均比较大,2014年4月上旬(苹果露红期)为越冬卵的孵化盛期;4月底5月初(落花后7d)为第一代卵盛期,此后世代重叠严重,因此,苹果露红期和落花1周之后是喷药防治苹果全爪螨的关键时期。整个生长季中5月至7月中旬为害最严重;进入8月份后苹果全爪螨种群数量急剧下降,10月初于田间可见其越冬卵。2.田间释放捕食螨的效果评价2014年5月13日在保定市望都县许庄果园释放捕食螨--巴氏新小绥螨,释放前后每隔7d取样调查苹果全爪螨和捕食螨的种群动态。结果表明,释放区活动螨总量为2963.33头,对照区活动螨总量为4075.49头,释放区苹果全爪螨的数量明显少于未释放区,巴氏新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨有很好的防控效果,应用捕食螨防治叶螨不仅减少了化学农药的使用,而且还减少对天敌的杀伤作用,最重要的是对果实品质和生态环境也更安全。
[Abstract]:Tetranychus Tetranychus is a common pest in apple producing areas in China. At present, the control of leaf mites mainly depends on spraying chemical chemicals, and spraying a large number of acaricides can not only kill natural enemies but also lead to insect resistance. In order to understand the occurrence dynamics of leaf mites in apple orchard and explore the protection and utilization of natural enemies, we conducted a systematic investigation on the species and occurrence dynamics of leaf mites in two apple orchards in Wangdu County, Baoding City in 2014. At the same time, the field experiment of releasing predatory mites against apple total claw mites was carried out. The results are as follows: 1. Species and dynamics of leaf mites in apple orchard in 2014 the dominant populations of Qilipu apple orchard and Xuzhuang apple orchard in Wangdu County were all apple mites. The number of overwintering eggs of apple mites overwintering on the branches of two apple orchards investigated in Wangdu County was relatively large, and the first generation of eggs was in the early ten days of April 2014 (apple red period) as the incubation period of overwintering eggs at the end of April and the beginning of May (7 days after falling flowers). The overlap of later generations was serious, so the red stage of apple and the first week after falling flowers were the key periods of spraying to control the apple mites. In the whole growing season, the damage was the most serious from May to the middle of July. After entering August, the population of apple total claw mites declined sharply and its overwintering eggs. 2 was found in the field at the beginning of October. Evaluation of the effect of releasing predatory mites in the field on May 13, 2014 in Xuzhuang orchard of Wangdu County, Baoding City, we released predatory mite-New Suiyuan of Pasteurus pasteurus, and collected samples every 7 days before and after release to investigate the population dynamics of total claw mites and predatory mites of apple. The results showed that the total number of active mites was 2963.33 in the releasing area and 4075.49 in the control area, and the total number of the total mites in the released area was significantly less than that in the unreleased area. The application of predatory mites to control Tetranychus not only reduces the use of chemical pesticides but also reduces the killing effect on natural enemies. The most important thing is that it is safer to fruit quality and ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S476.2;S436.611.2

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