基于植物基质的水中高氮高磷吸附和资源化利用

发布时间：2018-05-16 19:58

本文选题：水葫芦 + 氮磷吸附　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着养殖业的发展,大量富含氮磷及耗氧有机物污水的排放造成我国各大水体水质恶化。但由于处理技术和成本昂贵等原因,养殖场污水处理难度较大,造成了较严重的水体富营养化和水葫芦的疯长。水葫芦在生长过程中可吸收大量的氮磷从而提升水质,但因其经济价值低没有被进一步利用,使其因密度制约而水质净化功能受到抑制,其枯死后又会造成水体的二次污染。为探讨水葫芦在养殖污水治理和资源化利用的有效途径,本文采用静态吸附的方法,研究了吸附质浓度、离子共存对水葫芦鲜体(ECF)和干体(ECD)、稻草干体(OSD)和杉木屑干体(CLD)的氮磷吸附的影响过程与特征,同时以水葫芦作为吸附基质,研究其对猪场沼液污染物的净化效果,再将吸附了沼液污染物的水葫芦基质作为堆肥原料,采用好氧-厌氧交替堆肥法制作有机肥,研究水葫芦基质及其所吸附的污染物资源化效果。主要研究结果如下:(1)单一吸附质溶液中,植物基质对磷的吸附随磷浓度升高而逐渐下降,而当硝态氮或铵态氮浓度最低或较高时,对氮的去除率则较高。基质对氮磷去除率均随吸附时间延长而逐渐下降。(2)4种基质对单一吸附质氮磷的准二级动力学系数R2均高于一级方程。且水葫芦对氮磷吸附反应速率常数k2值最小,饱和吸附量最大。其对磷、硝态氮、铵态氮的饱和吸附量分别为4.75-14.22 mg g~(-1)、3.93-71.61 mg.g~(-1)、12.82-47.88 mg.g~(-1),适合用于高氮磷污水的净化。(3)吸附质共存显著降低了 4种植物基质对氮磷的吸附(CLD对铵态氮的吸附除外),而促进了 CLD对铵态氮的吸附。吸附质共存提高了水葫芦和稻草秸秆对氮的反应速率,且降低饱和吸附量,但对磷的吸附影响较为特别。在低浓度时吸附质共存促进了水葫芦对磷的吸附反应速率,降低了饱和吸附量。(4)在沼液实际净化试验中,ECD对沼液总氮、化学需氧量和总固体悬浮物的前5 h净化效果最好,而ECF对氨氮的净化效果最佳,对于磷的吸附而言,在吸附的前两个小时新鲜水葫芦的去除率最高,而在后三个小时稻草秸秆的去除率最高。通过二级动力学拟合结果可知,ECF对总氮和氨氮吸附潜力最大,其的饱和吸附量分别为81.17 mg g~(-1)和17.95 mg.g~(-1);而ECD对COD和总固体悬浮物的5 h去除累积量分别为899.8和252.51 mg g~(-1)。(5)以水葫芦为基质吸附沼液中的污染物可显著提高有机肥的氮、磷、钾和总养分含量含量,但重金属含量无显著变化。以吸附沼液的水葫芦为原料发酵有机肥中的总养分(氮、磷、钾)及大部分重金属含量相对较高,总养分含量高于13%,但有机质含量相对较低。而接种富含多种功能菌种的菌剂(JDC)发酵的有机肥中有机质、总养分含量均相对较高。
[Abstract]:With the development of aquaculture, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus rich and oxygen consuming organic pollutants are discharged, which results in the deterioration of water quality in China. However, due to the high cost and technology of treatment, it is difficult to treat wastewater from the farm, which results in serious eutrophication of water body and the growth of water hyacinth. Water hyacinth can absorb a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the growth process to improve the water quality, but its low economic value has not been further utilized, so its water purification function is restrained because of density constraints, and it will cause secondary water pollution after dying. In order to explore the effective ways of water hyacinth in the treatment and utilization of aquiculture wastewater, the static adsorption method was used to study the concentration of adsorbates. The effects of ion coexistence on nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption of fresh water hyacinth (ECF), dry ECD (ECD), dry straw (OSD) and wood sawdust (CLDD) were studied. The purification effect of water hyacinth on biogas liquor pollutants was studied by using water hyacinth as the adsorption substrate. Then the water hyacinth matrix which adsorbed biogas liquid pollutants was used as composting material. The aerobic anaerobic composting process was used to produce organic manure. The water hyacinth matrix and its adsorbed pollutants were used as composting materials to study the resource utilization effect of water hyacinth matrix and its adsorbed pollutants. The main results are as follows: (1) in the single adsorbent solution, the adsorption of phosphorus on plant substrate decreased with the increase of phosphorus concentration, but the removal rate of nitrogen was higher when the concentration of nitrate or ammonium nitrogen was the lowest or higher. The removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased gradually with the increase of adsorption time. The quasi-second-order kinetic coefficients R2 of the four substrates for single adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus were all higher than the first-order equation. The adsorption rate constant k _ 2 of N and P for water hyacinth is the smallest, and the saturation adsorption capacity is the largest. Phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, The saturated adsorption capacity of ammonium nitrogen was 3.93-71.61 mg 路g 路g ~ (-1) 路g ~ (-1), which was 4.75-14.22 mg 路g ~ (-1) 路g ~ (-1) respectively, which was suitable for purification of high-nitrogen and phosphorous wastewater. The coexistence of adsorbents significantly reduced the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by four plant substrates and promoted CLD. Adsorption of ammonium nitrogen. The coexistence of adsorbents increased the reaction rate of nitrogen and reduced the saturated adsorption capacity of water hyacinth and straw, but had a special effect on phosphorus adsorption. At low concentration, the coexistence of adsorbents promoted the adsorption rate of phosphorus in water hyacinth, and reduced the saturated adsorption capacity. 4) in the actual purification experiment of biogas liquid, ECD had the best purifying effect on total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and total solid suspended matter in the first 5 hours. For phosphorus adsorption, the removal rate of fresh water hyacinth was the highest two hours before adsorption, and the highest removal rate was straw after three hours. The adsorption potential of ECF to total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is the greatest through the second-order kinetic fitting. Its saturated adsorption capacity was 81.17 mg / g ~ (-1) and 17.95 mg 路g ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) and ECD was 899.8 mg 路g ~ (-1) ~ (-1) and 252.51 mg 路g ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) for 5 h for COD and total solid suspended matter, respectively. Potassium and total nutrient content, but heavy metal content had no significant change. The total nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and most heavy metals in organic fertilizer fermented by water hyacinth adsorbed biogas liquid were relatively high, the total nutrient content was higher than 13%, but the content of organic matter was relatively low. However, the total nutrient content of organic fertilizer inoculated with JDC-rich bacteria was relatively high.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X713;X173

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