长期肥料施用对华北大田玉米土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 21:33

本文选题：丛枝菌根真菌 + 群落结构　；参考：《菌物学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：华北平原是我国北方最重要的粮食主产区之一,过去30年间其粮食产量稳定提高的同时,肥料等生产资料的投入也大幅增加。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌作为一类重要的土壤功能性微生物,研究施肥措施对其群落、功能的影响,在挖掘农田有益微生物的潜在作用方面具有重要意义。本研究采用分子生物学方法测定了华北平原典型集约化农田体系中不同养分用量和投入模式对土壤AM真菌群落的影响。试验样地于2007年开始对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系进行施肥处理:有机肥(牛粪9 000kg/hm~2)、高量化肥(296.4kg N/hm~2、177.3kg P/hm~2、287.8kg K/hm~2,较当地常规化肥施用量上调25%)、低量化肥(74.1kg N/hm~2、44.3kg P/hm~2、71.9kg K/hm~2,较当地常规化肥施用量下调75%)和不施肥对照,每个处理3次重复,于2011年10月玉米收获季进行土壤取样。试验获得的31个OTUs主要属于Glomerales目(球囊霉目)(Glomus Group A/B)及Diversisporales目(多孢囊霉目),其中部分AM真菌类群如Glo12、Aca3、Scutellospora aurigloba(Scut.aurigloba全球盾巨孢囊霉)以及Div2仅在有机肥处理中被检测到。与其他处理相比,有机肥处理的116bp片段(Glo9/12/13/14;Fun1/2;Rhi1)相对丰度显著升高,而140bp片段(Uncultured Glomus)(球囊霉属)则主要受到化肥处理的促进。对于Diversisporales目AM真菌所对应的片段(141、142、169bp),施肥明显对其有促进作用。4年的肥料施用对土壤AM真菌物种多样性无显著影响,施肥处理0 20、20 40、40 60cm深度土壤AM真菌群落的多样性水平分别为1.14 1.78、1.61 1.84、1.23 2.07,丰富度分别为3.7 7.5、8.0 8.3、5.0 7.3。表明深层土壤是AM真菌重要的库,多样性水平并不低,对于维持土壤微生物多样性水平具有重要作用。本研究发现,p H值是影响表层土壤AM真菌群落分布的主要原因,土壤全氮、全碳、速效磷等肥力因子也是影响表层土壤AM真菌群落分布的重要因子,而深层土壤AM真菌的群落组成与固有的盐分特征(土壤电导率EC)有着较好的相关性。
[Abstract]:The North China Plain is one of the most important grain producing areas in the north of China. In the past 30 years, the grain output has been steadily increased, and the input of fertilizer and other means of production has also increased significantly. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a kind of important soil functional microorganism, it is important to study the effects of fertilization on their community and function, and to explore the potential role of beneficial microorganisms in farmland. The effects of different nutrient levels and input patterns on soil AM fungal community in typical intensive farmland system in North China Plain were studied by molecular biology. In 2007, the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system was treated with organic fertilizer (9 000 kg / kg cow manure, 296.4 kg / kg N/hm~2177.3kg P/hm~2287.8kg / hm ~ (2), which was 25% higher than that of the local conventional fertilizer application, and 74.1 kg / h ~ (-1) N / hm ~ (2) N 路hm ~ (2) ~ (2), which was higher than that of the local routine fertilizer application (71.9 kg / hm ~ (2). The fertilizer application rate was reduced by 75%) and the control without fertilizer application. Soil samples were collected in October 2011 maize harvest season. The 31 OTUs obtained in the experiment mainly belong to Glomerales (Glomus Group A / B) and Diversisporales (cystis polyspora, including some AM fungi such as Glo12Aca3Scutellospora aurigloba(Scut.aurigloba) and Div2 were only detected in organic fertilizer treatments. Compared with other treatments, the relative abundance of 116bp fragment Glo9 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 14 / Rhi1 was significantly increased in organic fertilizer treatments, while the 140bp fragment was mainly promoted by chemical fertilizer treatment. For the corresponding fragment of AM fungi of Diversisporales order 141142169bp1, fertilization obviously promoted it, but the application of fertilizer for 4 years had no significant effect on the species diversity of AM fungi in soil. The diversity level of AM fungi community in 0 ~ 20 ~ 20 ~ (20) N ~ (40) N ~ (40) 60cm depth soil was 1.14 ~ 1.78 ~ 1.61 ~ 1.84 ~ 1.23 ~ 1.23 ~ 2.07, respectively, and the richness was 3.77.58.0 ~ 8.3N ~ (8.35) ~ (5.0) ~ (7.3) respectively. The results showed that the deep soil is an important reservoir of AM fungi, and the diversity level is not low, which plays an important role in maintaining the soil microbial diversity level. In this study, it was found that pH value was the main factor affecting the distribution of AM fungal communities in topsoil, and soil fertility factors, such as total nitrogen, total carbon and available phosphorus, were also important factors affecting the distribution of AM fungal communities in topsoil. But the community composition of AM fungi in deep soil had a good correlation with the inherent salt characteristics (soil electrical conductivity ECs).
【作者单位】：江西特色林木资源培育与利用2011协同创新中心江西农业大学林学院;中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室;江西省林木育种中心江西省林业厅;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展规划(2015CB150500) 国家自然科学基金(31272251,31400523,31400528) 江西省重点研发计划重点项目(20161BBF60075)~~
【分类号】：S154.3

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