江西山地土壤系统分类和垂直地带性研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 11:28

【摘要】：为了用定量的方法确定江西山地土壤的类型,本文选取了江西的四个经纬度不同的山,采用土壤野外调查方法,采集了18个剖面的样品。研究了山地土壤的发生学特性;参照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》,对江西武功山、九宫山、九岭山、相山4座山的土壤系统分类高级分类单元进行了划分,并依据系统分类的结果比较了不同山的垂直地带性的差异。主要的结果和结论如下:(1)研究的18个山地土壤剖面,土壤理化性质随着山地高度上升呈现一定的变化规律。海拔增加,土壤温度降低,土壤水分状况变为常湿润,风化程度下降,土壤中黏粒含量减少,土壤发育程度有较大的差异。土壤有机碳含量较高且随着海拔的呈增大趋势,这与山地水热条件的和植被类型的变化有关。海拔850m以上的土壤具有腐殖质特性。土壤阳离子交换量随海拔的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势。土壤中全铁和游离铁含量差异明显,随海拔增加游离铁含量降低,铁游离度下降。大部分山地土壤的游离铁含量较高,或游离度较高,具有铁质特征。山地土壤土层厚度差异较大,这是地形坡度和海拔共同作用的结果。(2)根据已有资料和环境数据的分析,江西山地土壤主要的成土过程有腐殖质积累过程、富铝化过程、黏化过程、雏形弱发育过程等。参照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》,江西九宫山、九岭山、相山、武功山的土壤可以划分5个诊断层和9个诊断特性,诊断层包含:暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层等5个诊断特性;诊断特性包括石质接触面、准石质接触面、湿润/常湿润土壤水分状况、温性/热性土壤温度状况、铁质特性等9个诊断特性。江西山地土壤在系统分类中可以划分出富铁土、淋溶土和雏形土3个土纲、5个亚纲、9个土类和12个亚类,并且主要以淋溶土和雏形土为主。(3)依据系统分类的结果,对江西山地土壤的垂直地带性进行了研究。纬度变化导致山地土壤垂直带谱结构发生变化。同一亚类的土壤随纬度增大,分布的海拔下降,这与发生分类结果相一致。同一海拔不同纬度的土壤风化程度不同,可能划分为不同的土纲。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the types of mountain soils in Jiangxi Province by quantitative method, four mountains with different longitude and latitude in Jiangxi Province were selected, and the samples of 18 profiles were collected by using the method of soil field investigation. According to the Chinese soil systematic Classification Retrieval (third Edition), the advanced classification units of soil system classification of Wugong Mountain, Jiugong Mountain, Jiuling Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain in Jiangxi Province were divided, and the differences of vertical zonality of different mountains were compared according to the results of systematic classification. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the physical and chemical properties of 18 mountain soil profiles show a certain variation with the increase of mountain height. With the increase of altitude, the soil temperature decreased, the soil moisture status became constant wetting, the weathered degree decreased, the clay content in the soil decreased, and the degree of soil development was quite different. The content of soil organic carbon is high and increases with altitude, which is related to the change of hydrothermal conditions and vegetation types in mountainous areas. The soil above 850 m above sea level has the characteristics of humus. Soil cation exchange capacity increased at first and then decreased with the increase of altitude. The content of total iron and free iron in soil was significantly different, and the content of free iron decreased and the degree of iron free decreased with the increase of altitude. Most mountain soils have high free iron content or high degree of free iron, which has the characteristics of iron. The thickness of mountain soil layer is quite different, which is the result of the interaction of topographic slope and altitude. (2) according to the analysis of available data and environmental data, the main soil-forming processes of mountain soil in Jiangxi Province are humus accumulation process, aluminization process, adhesion process, embryonic weak development process and so on. According to the Chinese soil systematic Classification Retrieval (third Edition), the soils of Jiogong Mountain, Jiuling Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain and Wugong Mountain in Jiangxi Province can be divided into 5 diagnostic faults and 9 diagnostic characteristics, including: dark barren surface layer, low active iron-rich layer and so on. The diagnostic characteristics include 9 diagnostic characteristics, such as stone contact surface, quasi-stone contact surface, moist / constant humid soil moisture status, warm / hot soil temperature condition, iron characteristics and so on. Jiangxi mountain soils can be divided into 3 classes, 5 subclasses, 9 soils and 12 subclasses in systematic classification of iron-rich soil, leached soil and rudimentary soil. (3) according to the results of systematic classification, the vertical zonality of mountainous soil in Jiangxi Province is studied. The change of latitude leads to the change of vertical band spectrum structure of mountain soil. With the increase of latitude, the altitude of the same subclass decreased with the increase of latitude, which was consistent with the result of occurrence classification. Soil weathered at different latitudes at the same altitude may be divided into different soil classes.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S155

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