重载货车轮轨相互作用力影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 13:05

本文关键词： 重载货车转向架动力学仿真轮轨动作用力　出处：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济迅速发展,铁路货运量随之增加。发展重载运输能充分发挥铁路货运的优势,提高线路运能与运量,实现多运快运。重载铁路运输的主流是提高轴重,增加列车每延米有效载重,充分利用现有站线长度。然而货车轴重的增加,势必会给轮轨之间的相互作用带来更不利的影响。轮轨相互作用,尤其是轮轨的垂向动作用力会不断增加,恶化车辆的运行平稳与安全性能,破坏轨道结构,加剧线路变形等。由于重载列车编组长度长、轴重大,因此运行过程中需要的牵引与制动力很大,传播距离远、时间长,从而造成列车受力复杂,易引起列车冲动、脱轨、车辆设备受损等问题。因此,研究与分析车辆轨道参数对重载货车轮轨之间相互作用力的影响很有必要,对我国重载运输的发展也具有一定的现实意义。本文综述了国内外铁路重载运输的发展现状,简要阐述了轮轨相互作用的研究进展。以车辆系统动力学理论为基础,对铁路重载货车中各个部件进行受力分析,并建立相应的力学运动方程。根据大秦线上装用转K6型转向架的C80重载货车的结构和悬挂特点,通过简化其非线性因素,建立了重载货车动力学仿真模型。通过以上动力学建模和仿真计算,分析了重载货车车辆及其轨道相关参数对轮轨之间相互作用力的影响。文中主要从运行速度、轴重、簧下质量、承载鞍弹性橡胶垫垂向刚度、摇枕每侧弹簧垂向刚度、车轮踏面外形、车轮质量偏心以及车轮多边形化等车辆参数分析计算,探讨相关参数对轮轨垂向动力作用的影响。然后分析轨道参数如轮轨摩擦系数、轨道轨下胶垫刚度、轨道谐波激扰以及轨底坡等对轮轨垂向动力作用的影响。此外,还比较分析了考虑轮对刚性模型与考虑轮对弹性模型的各动力学指标。论文计算结果表明,重载货车运行速度、轴重、簧下质量、摇枕弹簧垂向刚度、承载鞍弹性橡胶垫垂向刚度、车轮质量偏心、车轮多边形化以及轨道谐波激扰对轮轨之间动作用力的影响较大,车轮踏面外形、轨底坡对轮轨接触应力影响较大。因此,合理地设计车辆与轨道各参数有利于降低轮轨间相互动力作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the quantity of railway freight is increasing. The development of heavy-haul transportation can give full play to the advantages of railway freight, improve the capacity and volume of railway transportation, and realize multi-speed transportation. The mainstream of heavy-haul railway transportation is to increase axle load. Increase the effective load per meter of the train and make full use of the existing line length. However, the increase of truck axle load will inevitably bring more adverse effects to the wheel-rail interaction. The wheel-rail interaction, especially the vertical force of wheel-rail action, will increase continuously, which will worsen the smooth operation and safety performance of the vehicle. Destroy track structure, aggravate line deformation and so on. Because of the long formation length and the heavy axle of heavy haul train, the traction and braking force needed in the course of operation is very large, the distance of transmission is long, and the time is long, resulting in the complicated force of train. It is easy to cause problems such as train impulse, derailment, damage of vehicle equipment, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the influence of vehicle track parameters on the interaction force between wheel and rail of heavy truck. It is also of practical significance to the development of heavy haul transportation in China. In this paper, the development status of heavy haul railway transportation at home and abroad is summarized, and the research progress of wheel / rail interaction is briefly described. Based on the theory of vehicle system dynamics, the mechanical analysis of each component in railway heavy haul truck is carried out. According to the structure and suspension characteristics of C80 heavy truck with Zhuan K6 type bogie used in Daqin Line, the dynamic simulation model of heavy truck is established by simplifying its nonlinear factors. Based on the above dynamic modeling and simulation, the influence of the parameters of heavy truck vehicle and its track on the interaction between wheel and rail is analyzed. The vertical stiffness of the bearing saddle elastic rubber cushion, the vertical stiffness of the spring on each side of the pillow, the profile of the wheel tread, the eccentricity of the wheel mass and the polygonization of the wheel are analyzed and calculated. The influence of relevant parameters on the vertical dynamic action of wheel / rail is discussed. The influence of track parameters such as wheel / rail friction coefficient, rubber pad stiffness under rail track, track harmonic excitation and rail bottom slope on the vertical dynamic action of wheel / rail is analyzed. The dynamic indexes of the rigid model with wheelset and elastic model with wheelset are compared and analyzed. The results show that the running speed, axle load, underspring mass, vertical stiffness of pillow spring, vertical stiffness of bearing saddle elastic rubber pad, eccentric weight of wheel are calculated. The polygonal wheel and track harmonic disturbance have a great influence on the wheel / rail force, the profile of the wheel tread and the rail bottom slope have great influence on the wheel / rail contact stress. Reasonably designing the parameters of vehicle and track is helpful to reduce the dynamic interaction between wheel and rail.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U211.5

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