基于无线传感系统的大跨度空间结构风效应实测研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 14:56

本文选题：结构 + 风工程　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：现场实测、实验室模拟及理论分析是结构风工程的三种主要研究方法,其中实验室模拟及理论分析必须以现场实测为标准。由于实施难度较大,世界范围内的实测试验数量较少。本文对世界上已有的实测试验进行了列表总结和综述,阐明了实测设备是制约实测试验开展的最重要因素。首先,本文在实测“数据采集三原则”基础上研发了适用于土木工程领域的无线风速风压传感系统。本文提出风致内压理论可以解决风压传感器标定所面临的困难,并制作了一个立方体模型,利用模型内压成功标定了无线风压传感系统。其次,对风压实测试验所必须面对的参考压力问题进行了分析,分析结果显示,参考静压问题的本质是建筑物周围的风致静压场。本文在风洞中对一个立方体模型的周围静压场进行了探测,针对目前无法精确测量静压的情况,提出了一种无量纲化方法,给出了静压场的分布规律,运用幅值域及频域方法详细分析了建筑物周围各区域的流场特性,之后给出了静压场主要方向的分布函数型式,并推断了静压场的静力及动力边界。通过CFD数值风洞方法深入研究静压场分布规律,发现建筑物周围近距离范围内有两条狭长地带能用于快速测量参考静压,称之为“静压走廊”,通过一定方法可确定其位置及走向。其后,对一典型三心圆柱面网壳进行了风洞试验和CFD数值模拟,结果显示数值模拟能较准确反映实际情况,在此基础上,对两个柱面网壳并列布置的风致干扰效应进行了研究,该结果与静压场的研究结果相符。再次,本文利用所研发的无线风速风压传感系统对浙江大学体育馆屋盖进行了风效应实测。试验过程显示,相比有线设备,无线设备能大大降低设备安装难度及减少试验资金耗费,无线设备的便利性极其突出。实测过程中经历了强台风“海葵”,在其经过杭州前后的近4个小时进行了风效应实测。以实测风速数据对台风“海葵”的风特性进行了分析总结,风洞可利用此风特性模拟强台风。以实测风压数据对浙江大学体育馆的屋盖风压特性进行了研究,发现浙江大学体育馆上的所有风压测点都体现出了强非高斯分布特征,这意味着使用峰值因子法预测大跨度空间结构峰值风压需要特别谨慎,文中给出了峰值因子的推荐取值,并指出了按照现行风洞试验方法所设计的大跨度空间结构屋盖上可能会比较偏危险的区域。实测脉动风速及脉动风压功率谱密度两两不相同,这说明大跨度空间结构屋盖的风压脉动不完全取决于风速脉动,故本文通过风速风压实测确定准定常假定在大跨度空间结构上不适用。本文通过设备研发、设备标定、实测方法研究,再到利用此设备进行真实建筑的实测试验,开启了利用无线传感设备进行结构风工程实测的崭新途径,本文的思路及设备可对未来结构风工程实测试验提供参考。
[Abstract]:Field measurement, laboratory simulation and theoretical analysis are three main research methods of structural wind engineering, among which laboratory simulation and theoretical analysis must be based on field measurement. Because of the difficulty of implementation, the number of measured tests in the world is relatively small. This paper summarizes and summarizes the actual test in the world, and expounds that the measuring equipment is the most important factor restricting the development of the measured test. Firstly, based on the "three principles of data acquisition", a wireless wind pressure sensing system for civil engineering is developed. In this paper, the theory of wind-induced internal pressure can solve the difficulty of wind pressure sensor calibration, and a cube model is made, and the wireless wind pressure sensing system is successfully calibrated by using the model internal pressure. Secondly, the problem of reference pressure in wind pressure test is analyzed. The results show that the nature of reference static pressure problem is the wind induced static pressure field around the building. In this paper, the hydrostatic field around a cube model is detected in a wind tunnel, and a dimensionless method is proposed to solve the problem that static pressure can not be accurately measured at present, and the distribution law of static pressure field is given. The characteristics of the flow field around the building are analyzed in detail by using amplitude domain and frequency domain method. The distribution function forms of the main directions of the static pressure field are given, and the static and dynamic boundary of the static pressure field is inferred. The CFD numerical wind tunnel method is used to study the distribution of static pressure field in depth. It is found that there are two long and narrow strips around the building which can be used to measure the reference static pressure quickly, which is called "static pressure Corridor". The position and direction can be determined by certain method. Then, the wind tunnel test and CFD numerical simulation of a typical cylindrical reticulated shell with three cores are carried out. The results show that the numerical simulation can accurately reflect the actual situation. On this basis, the wind-induced interference effect of two cylindrical latticed shells arranged side by side is studied. The results are in agreement with the results of the static pressure field. Thirdly, the wind effect on the roof of Zhejiang University Gymnasium is measured by using the wireless wind pressure sensing system developed in this paper. The test results show that compared with wired equipment, wireless equipment can greatly reduce the difficulty of installation and reduce the cost of test, and the convenience of wireless equipment is extremely prominent. A strong typhoon, sea anemone, was observed in the course of measurement, and the wind effect was measured about 4 hours before and after passing through Hangzhou. The wind characteristics of typhoon "sea anemone" are analyzed and summarized based on the measured wind speed data, which can be used to simulate strong typhoon in wind tunnel. Based on the measured wind pressure data, the roof wind pressure characteristics of Zhejiang University Gymnasium are studied. It is found that all the wind pressure measurement points on Zhejiang University Gymnasium exhibit strong non-Gao Si distribution characteristics. This means that the peak value factor method should be used to predict the peak wind pressure of large span spatial structures, and the recommended value of peak factor is given in this paper. It is also pointed out that the large span space structure roof may be more dangerous on the basis of the current wind tunnel test method. The measured pulsating wind speed and pulsating wind pressure power spectral density are different, which indicates that the wind pressure pulsation of large span space structure roof is not completely dependent on the wind velocity fluctuation. Therefore, the quasi-steady assumption is not suitable for long span space structures by measuring wind speed and wind pressure in this paper. Through the research and development of the equipment, the calibration of the equipment, the measurement method, and then the actual test of the real building with this equipment, it opens up a new way to use the wireless sensing equipment to measure the structural wind engineering. The ideas and equipments in this paper can be used as reference for the practical test of structural wind engineering in the future.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU312.1

【参考文献】