基于计算流体动力学的多路阀（右行走联）性能分析

发布时间：2018-06-04 00:34

本文选题：液压 + 挖掘机　；参考：《福州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：整体式多路阀是大中型液压挖掘机上的关键液压元件,它在挖掘机液压系统中控制着油液的流动方向及流量大小,并对控制各执行机构的启动、运动速度及动作顺序起着十分重要的作用。整体式多路阀在工作中存在压力损失、振动冲击及涡流等现象,这些现象均是研究人员所广泛关注的问题,上述问题直接影响着整体式多路阀的性能,最终导致挖掘机整机性能变差。为了解决整体式多路阀右行走联流道内部压力损失大、能量耗散严重、右行走马达不够灵敏及振动冲击等问题,本课题以整体式多路阀右行走联进油口(P口)与出油口(B口)间流道为具体研究对象,应用Pro/E软件建立右行走联模型,并基于计算流体动力学方法,对三维流场模型以紊流形式,采用SIMPLEC算法进行计算。通过采用理论分析、数值模拟及试验验证相结合的研究方法,分别就单向阀与两工作油口间公共流道的结构参数对压力损失、振动冲击和涡流现象的影响进行了较系统地分析；对如何消除右行走联内部流道盲孔处的振动冲击和涡流现象进行了较深入地研究；就不同主阀口形式对主阀口附近流道压力损失的影响进行了较详细地探讨。结合单向阀与两工作油口间公共流道结构参数的几何约束条件,采用数学计算手段,得出了此段流道的制造参数选配表,为此段流道的性能优化提供了一定参考。最后,本课题还就单向阀与两工作油口间公共流道的一组结构参数及一种主阀口形式对压力损失的影响分别进行了试验验证,试验表明：数值计算结果与试验结果吻合。本文的创新之处在于：相对于只取阀口或局部流道,分析某一参数对某一性能的影响而言,本课题通过对整体式多路阀右行走联内部流道进行整体的流动计算,分析一组参数对多个性能的影响,有利于保证分析的完整性和结论的精确性。通过各压力损失位置的对比发现：液压阀尤其是拥有复杂流道的多路阀除在主阀芯阀口附近存在较大压力损失外,在一些节流现象明显的局部复杂流道位置压力损失也较大。通过优化相关结构参数,对右行走联性能进行了如下改进：有效降低了内部的压力损失和振动冲击,减小了其内部的涡流尺度和强度,并提出了单向阀至两工作油口间公共流道制造参数的选择范围。本文研究成果为多路阀优化设计提供了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Integral multiway valve is a key hydraulic component in large and medium hydraulic excavator. It controls the flow direction and flow rate of oil in the hydraulic system of excavator, and starts the control agencies. The speed and sequence of motion play a very important role. There are pressure loss, vibration shock and eddy current phenomena in the work of monolithic multi-way valve. These phenomena are widely concerned by researchers, and these problems directly affect the performance of integral multi-way valve. Finally, the whole performance of excavator becomes worse. In order to solve the problems such as large internal pressure loss, serious energy dissipation, insensitive right walking motor and vibration shock, etc. In this paper, the flow channel between the integral multi-way valve's right running inlet (P) and the outlet (B) is taken as the specific research object. The right walking model is established by using Pro/E software, and based on the computational fluid dynamics method, The three-dimensional flow model is calculated by SIMPLEC algorithm in the form of turbulence. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification, the effects of the structural parameters of the common channel between the one-way valve and the two working oil orifices on the pressure loss, vibration shock and eddy current phenomena are analyzed systematically. In this paper, how to eliminate the vibration shock and eddy current phenomenon in the blind hole of the inner channel of the right walking joint is studied in depth, and the influence of different main valve orifice forms on the pressure loss of the passage near the main valve port is discussed in detail. Combined with the geometric constraints of the common flow channel structure parameters between the one-way valve and the two working oil ports, a mathematical calculation method is used to obtain the selection table of the manufacturing parameters of the flow channel in this section, and a certain reference is provided for the performance optimization of the flow channel in this section. Finally, the effects of a set of structural parameters and a main valve form on the pressure loss of the common channel between the one-way valve and the two working oil ports are verified respectively. The experimental results show that the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental results. The innovation of this paper lies in: compared with only taking the valve port or local flow channel, this paper analyzes the influence of a certain parameter on a certain performance, this subject carries on the overall flow calculation to the integral multi-way valve right to walk the link internal passage. Analyzing the effect of one set of parameters on multiple performance is helpful to ensure the completeness of the analysis and the accuracy of the conclusion. Through the comparison of pressure loss positions, it is found that the pressure loss of hydraulic valve, especially the multi-way valve with complex flow channel, is larger than that of the main valve core valve, and the pressure loss is also larger in some local complex flow channels where the throttling phenomenon is obvious. By optimizing the relevant structural parameters, the performance of the right-hand walking joint is improved as follows: the internal pressure loss and vibration shock are effectively reduced, and the eddy current scale and intensity are reduced. The selection range of manufacturing parameters of common runner between one-way valve and two-working oil port is put forward. The research results in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of multi-way valves.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU621

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