我国新建综合性剧场使用后评价及设计模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:23

本文选题：剧场 + 使用后评价　；参考：《华南理工大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：唯物辩证法认为，世界上的一切事物都是对立矛盾的统一体。科学与艺术构成了建筑这一矛盾统一体。二者之间相互依存、相互渗透、相互贯通。科学的发展给艺术的表现提供了更多的可能，而艺术的需求又在一定程度上促进了科学的进步。同时，二者又相互排斥、相互斗争。关于建筑属于科学领域还是艺术领域一直是人们争论不休的话题。各种不同的建筑思想、建筑流派也体现着各自明显的科学倾向或艺术倾向。建筑数千年的发展历程，就是科学性和艺术性交替占据统治地位的过程。二者的这种争斗，反过来又促进了建筑本身的发展。就当今而言，自从上世纪末现代主义建筑逐渐衰落以后，建筑艺术性的倾向开始逐渐占据上风。建筑师在进行建筑创作时，把更多的注意力集中在建筑外形的塑造上，力图透过形体的复合、扭转、倾斜来表达当前流行建筑美学的思潮。剧场作为城市建设的重点和城市的标志性建筑，这种艺术性的倾向则表现得更为明显。各种哗众取宠、标新立异的剧场外壳成为剧场设计的目标和主要内容。然而，剧场作为功能性建筑，其本质是为人的观演活动服务的。对于剧场的使用者——观众和演员的行为倾向和生理需求，是建筑师在进行剧场设计时不容忽视的一个重要问题。建筑的艺术性倾向，使建筑师更多地关注剧场建筑的外观，却忽略了其真正的使用者，导致剧场并不能很好地适应使用者的需求。作为建筑学的一门新兴学科，建筑使用后评价以使用者的实际需求出发，以环境行为学和环境心理学为基础，借助社会学、统计学的手段，探讨建筑在实际使用中的状态，从而得到符合现实需求的建筑设计建议及导则。本文的剧场使用后评价研究具有学科交叉化、综合化的特征，结合了主客观的各种因素和量化与质化的方法，借鉴了传统建筑学研究的方法内容和社会学客观评价的手段，使研究更具科学性和客观性。剧场的种类很多，当前我国剧场建设的主流——综合性的大中型剧场是本文的研究对象。本文研究针对剧场观众和演员的主客观需求，试图发现剧场建设和设计中存在的问题，分析归纳其缘由及改进的方法，在此基础上提出剧场建筑设计的评价指标体系、设计模式和设计导则。概括而言，，本文对我国新建综合性剧场的使用后评价及设计理论的研究过程，主要包括以下四部分内容：第一部分是研究框架和方法的确定。首先阐述了课题研究的缘由、社会背景和学术背景，分析了研究所涉及的关键学科的理论体系及特点，从而确定研究的方法、取向和技术路线，明确研究的范围、策略及意义。在此基础上完成研究的前期准备工作，确定使用后评价的主客体、评价方法、评价旨趣等等。第二部分是综合性评价，侧重于探索观众和演员对剧场环境的认知方式。研究包括满意度评价和舒适性评价两部分，兼顾考察使用者对剧场建筑的各种显性、隐性需求。第三部分是焦点性评价，充分考虑剧场建筑的空间使用频率和重要性，分别以休息厅空间、后台空间的使用方式评价和观众厅的主观倾向评价为旨趣，探讨了我国新建综合性剧场建筑设计的若干关键技术问题，得到普适性的评价结论。第四部分是归纳总结部分，包括三个方面的内容：第一是对综合性评价结论的总结，提出了我国新建综合性剧场建筑的评价指标集；第二是根据调研中所发现的问题及其成因、解决方式的探索，提出了适应当前剧场运营和观演活动的剧场空间设计模式语言；第三是把研究的成果条文化、系统化、清晰化，提出剧场建筑设计建议与导向性准则。本文以使用后评价方法为理论基础，以剧场使用者的主观感受和环境体验为依据，多学科、多视角、多层次地较为全面地探讨了我国新建综合性剧场建筑的评价指标因子集、设计模式语言和导则。这是对我国较为贫乏的剧场建筑设计理论的有效补充和扩展，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The materialist dialectics holds that all things in the world are the unity of opposites. Science and art constitute the contradiction and unity of architecture. The two are interdependent, permeated and interconnected. The development of science provides more possibilities for the performance of art, and the demand of art has promoted the progress of science to a certain extent. At the same time, the two are mutually exclusive and struggle with each other. As to the field of science or the field of art, architecture has always been a topic of debate. Various architectural ideas and architectural genres reflect distinct scientific tendencies or artistic tendencies. The history of architecture for thousands of years is scientific and artistic intercourse. The struggle between the two parties, in turn, promoted the development of the building itself.
Since the end of the last century, since the end of the last century modernist architecture gradually declined, the tendency of architectural art began to prevail. In the course of architectural creation, architects focused more attention on the shape of the architecture, trying to express the current popular architectural aesthetics through the combination of form, twisting and tilting to express the current popular architectural aesthetics. As the focal point of urban construction and the landmark of the city, this artistic tendency is more obvious. A variety of popular and innovative theatrical shells have become the target and main content of the theater design.
However, as a functional building, theatres are essential to the performance of human viewing activities. For the users of the theatre, the behavior tendency and physiological needs of the audience and the actors are an important issue that architects can not ignore during the design of the theatre. The artistic tendency of the architecture makes the architects pay more attention to the appearance of the theatrical architecture. However, it ignores its real users, resulting in the theater being unable to meet users' needs well.
As a new subject of architecture, the post evaluation of architecture is based on the practical needs of users, based on environmental behavioural and environmental psychology, and by means of sociology and statistics, to discuss the state of architecture in practical use, thus obtaining architectural design proposals and guidelines that meet the needs of reality. After the use of this paper, the theater is used. The evaluation research has the characteristics of interdisciplinary and comprehensive, combining the various factors of the main objective and the method of quantification and quality, drawing on the method content of the traditional architecture research and the means of the objective evaluation of the sociology, making the research more scientific and objectivity. There are many kinds of theatres, and the mainstream of the construction of the theatre in our country is comprehensive. The large and medium-sized theatre is the research object of this paper. This paper studies the subjective and objective needs of the theater audience and the actors, tries to find out the problems in the theater construction and design, analyzes the reasons and methods of improvement, and on this basis puts forward the evaluation index system, design pattern and design guidelines for the theater architectural design.
Generally speaking, the research process of post evaluation and design theory of new comprehensive theatre in China mainly includes the following four parts:
The first part is the determination of the research framework and methods. First, it expounds the reason, the social background and the academic background of the research, analyzes the theoretical system and characteristics of the key subjects involved in the research, so as to determine the method, orientation and technical route of the research, and make clear the scope, strategy and significance of the research. On this basis, the research is completed. The second part is the comprehensive evaluation, which focuses on the cognition of the audience and the actors on the theater environment. The research includes the two parts of the satisfaction evaluation and the comfort evaluation, and the various explicit and recessive demand of the user to the theater building. Third The part is the focus evaluation, taking full consideration of the frequency and importance of the space use of theatrical buildings, respectively taking the lounge space, the evaluation of the use of the backstage space and the subjective inclination of the audience hall as the purport, and discussing some key technical problems of the newly built comprehensive theatre architecture design in China, and getting the universal evaluation conclusion. Fourth Part is the summary part, including three aspects: the first is the summary of the comprehensive evaluation conclusion, and the evaluation index set of the new comprehensive theater building in China is put forward. The second is based on the problems found in the investigation and its causes, the exploration of the solution, and the theater that adapts to the current theatre operation and performance. Space design pattern language; third, systematize and clarify the research results culture, and put forward suggestions and guiding principles for theater architectural design.
Taking the post evaluation method as the theoretical basis, based on the subjective feeling and the environmental experience of the theatre users, the evaluation index set, the design pattern language and the guide of the newly built comprehensive theatrical architecture in China are discussed in a more comprehensive way. The effective supplement and expansion of the theory has important theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU242.2

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