哈尔滨生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 02:27

本文选题：生态安全 + 评价　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城镇化进程的加快，资源枯竭、生态危机等问题严重威胁着人类健康，影响着城市发展与人们的生活。人类经济、社会活动对物质的急迫需求导致了资源环境的开发利用强度不断加大，致使生态环境遭受严重的人为干扰，并表现出急剧恶化的趋势。当前，城市复合生态系统遭到破坏，城市生态环境状况每况愈下，生态安全已经上升为全球性问题，城市生态安全的相关研究已经引起全球的关注，研究重点是对城市生态安全状况的定量分析。生态安全是可持续发展研究的基础，生态安全评价是生态安全研究的基础与核心内容，是对城市或区域生态安全水平定量化的认识。生态安全评价研究为生态城市建设提供数据支持，对城市健康可持续发展具有重要意义。论文首先梳理了生态安全的研究成果，阐述了评价指标体系构建模型、生态安全评价的方法及空间可视化表达的方法。通过比较各种构建指标体系模型的优缺点，确定运用“压力-状态-响应”模型（以下简称“PSR模型”）构建哈尔滨生态安全评价指标体系；其次，基于PSR模型分析哈尔滨中心城区生态安全的影响因素，进而建立生态安全评价指标体系，并根据哈尔滨相关统计资料收集各评价指标的数据；然后，选择数学方法对哈尔滨生态安全状况进行评价，运用层次分析法（以下简称“AHP法”），，确定城市生态安全评价指标的权重，运用综合指数法计算哈尔滨中心城区生态安全综合指数；最后，参照国家、行业标准，国内或国际公认值，类比标准和区域背景值等标准值，运用规范定量法，类比定量法和推算预测法确立哈尔滨生态安全的评价标准，用于确定哈尔滨生态安全评价的等级。论文运用GIS矢量化功能对哈尔滨中心城区各行政区进行空间分析，将生态安全评价结果进行空间可视化表达。最后基于生态安全评价结果，纵向比较分析2006-2011年哈尔滨生态安全变化趋势，并横向比较分析哈尔滨与其它9个副省级城市生态安全水平，找出哈尔滨中心城区及各行政区生态安全存在的问题，从空间、产业和社会层面提出提高哈尔滨生态安全水平的策略。论文探究城市生态环境的安全状况，试图通过城市规划手段解决城市生态问题，为保证城市健康可持续发展做出贡献，这对于城市总体规划的编制也具有一定的理论指导意义，同时对生态城市建设具有重大实践意义。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, resource depletion, ecological crisis and other problems are seriously threatening human health, affecting urban development and people's lives. The urgent demand for materials in human economy and social activities has led to the increasing intensity of exploitation and utilization of resources and environment, which has caused serious human disturbance to the ecological environment and has shown a tendency of rapid deterioration. At present, the urban complex ecosystem has been destroyed, the urban ecological environment condition is getting worse and worse, the ecological security has already risen to the global problem, the related research of the urban ecological security has caused the global attention. The focus of the study is the quantitative analysis of urban ecological security. Ecological security is the basis of sustainable development, ecological security evaluation is the basis and core of ecological security research, and it is a quantitative understanding of the level of ecological security in cities or regions. The study of ecological security evaluation provides data support for the construction of ecological city, which is of great significance to the healthy and sustainable development of the city. Firstly, the paper combs the research results of ecological security, and expounds the construction model of evaluation index system, the method of ecological security evaluation and the method of spatial visualization expression. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various index system models, it is determined to construct Harbin ecological security evaluation index system by using "pressure-state-response" model (hereinafter referred to as "PSR model"). Based on the PSR model, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of ecological security in Harbin central city, and then establishes the ecological security evaluation index system, and collects the data of each evaluation index according to the relevant statistical data of Harbin. The mathematical method is selected to evaluate the ecological security of Harbin, and the weight of the evaluation index of urban ecological security is determined by AHP (hereinafter referred to as AHP method). Finally, with reference to national, industry standards, domestic or international recognized values, analogical standards and regional background values, the standard quantitative method is used to calculate the ecological safety comprehensive index of central urban area of Harbin, which is based on the standard values of national, industry standards, national or international recognized values, analogous standards and regional background values. The evaluation standard of Harbin ecological security is established by analogy quantitative method and prediction method, which is used to determine the grade of Harbin ecological security evaluation. In this paper, GIS vectorization function is used to analyze the space of each administrative district in central city of Harbin, and the results of ecological security evaluation are visualized. Finally, based on the results of ecological security evaluation, the trend of ecological security changes in Harbin from 2006 to 2011 is analyzed, and the level of ecological security in Harbin and other nine sub-provincial cities is compared and analyzed horizontally. To find out the existing problems of ecological security in the central city of Harbin and various administrative districts, and put forward the strategies to improve the level of ecological security in Harbin from the aspects of space, industry and society. This paper explores the security of urban ecological environment, attempts to solve urban ecological problems by means of urban planning, and makes contributions to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the city, which has a certain theoretical significance for the compilation of urban master plan. At the same time, the construction of ecological city has great practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.115

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