中国佛教寺院钟鼓楼的形成背景与建筑形制及布局研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 15:53
【摘要】：佛教寺院钟鼓楼，是中国明清佛教寺院最为代表的对称楼阁建筑。在佛教寺院中出现钟鼓楼建筑之前，在宫殿、城市等其他类型建筑中，早就设置钟楼与鼓楼。但是，目前，对于宫殿、城市、佛寺钟鼓楼之间的相互演变关系，以及对于佛寺钟鼓楼的形成时期，尚未有系统而明显的研究成果。因此，本论文对于中国佛教寺院钟鼓楼建筑对设制度的形成背景与建筑形制及布局特征进行研究。 本研究，首先，考察佛寺钟鼓楼制度的形成背景，主要对于宫殿和城市钟鼓楼建筑的形成及演变过程进行分析，以及对于佛教寺院内对称楼阁建筑的布局演变过程进行分析。其次，考察佛寺钟鼓楼的形成时期，即对于佛寺钟鼓楼制度的始建时期及确立时期进行分析。最后，对于中国佛寺钟鼓楼实物现状进行梳理，然后考察佛寺钟鼓楼建筑形制与布局特征。此外，对于韩国佛教寺院钟鼓楼建筑进行简单梳理。 通过本研究的分析，得出如下结论： 一、佛寺钟鼓楼制度的形成背景，可以分为外在因素和内在因素：佛寺钟鼓楼形成的外在因素，是宫殿钟鼓楼制度的废止。之后，城市钟鼓楼和佛寺钟鼓楼，互相影响而发展，各成为明清城市和明清佛寺的代表布局方式；佛寺钟鼓楼形成的内在因素，则是佛寺内钟楼与其他楼阁之间的对称布局变化，即从“钟楼与经藏”对称布局开始，经过“钟楼与轮藏”和“钟楼与观音阁”对称布局，终于固定形成为“钟楼与鼓楼”对设布局。 二、佛寺钟鼓楼制度的形成时期：佛寺钟鼓楼制度的始建时期推定于元末时期，佛寺钟鼓楼制度的确立时期推定于明代中期，即由明正统年间至明正德年间。 三、佛寺钟鼓楼建筑形制与布局特征：明清佛寺钟鼓楼最为普遍的形式为，重檐歇山顶二层楼阁式；上层为木制障日板壁，下层为砖墙；上层平面为面阔、进深各一间，下层为面阔、进深各三间。一般位于第一进院落内两侧，即山门和天王殿之间两侧。
[Abstract]:Buddhist monastery Zhong Gulou, is the most representative of the Ming and Qing Buddhist monasteries symmetrical pavilions. The bell tower and the drum tower were set up in palaces, cities and other types of buildings long before the Buddhist monastery appeared. However, at present, there are no systematic and obvious research results on the relationship between palaces, cities, Buddhist temple bell and drum towers and the forming period of Buddhist temple bell and drum towers. Therefore, this paper studies the formation background, architectural shape and layout characteristics of the building alignment system of Chinese Buddhist monastery. In this study, first of all, the background of the formation of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system, mainly for the palace and the city bell drum tower building formation and evolution process analysis, as well as the Buddhist temple symmetrical pavilion layout evolution process analysis. Secondly, the formation period of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower, that is, the period of the founding and establishment of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system, is analyzed. Finally, the status quo of the Chinese Buddhist temple bell and drum tower is combed, and then the architectural shape and layout characteristics of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower are investigated. In addition, the Korean Buddhist monastery building Zhong Gulou simple comb. Through the analysis of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the background of the formation of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system can be divided into external factors and internal factors: the external factor of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower formation is the abolition of the palace bell drum tower system. Later, the city bell drum tower and the Buddhist temple bell drum tower, each become the Ming and Qing dynasties city and the Ming and Qing dynasties Buddhist temple representative layout way, the Buddhist temple clock drum tower formation intrinsic factor, It is the symmetrical layout change between the bell tower and other pavilions in the Buddhist temple, that is, starting from the symmetrical layout of the bell tower and the Jing Zang, and passing through the symmetrical layout of the bell tower and the wheel Tibet and the bell tower and the Guanyin Pavilion. Finally fixed for the formation of the "bell tower and drum tower" opposite the layout. Second, the formation period of the Buddhist temple Zhong Gulou system: the founding period of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower system was presumed in the late Yuan Dynasty, and the establishment period of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower system was presumed in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, that is, from the Ming orthodox period to the Ming Dynasty. Third, the architectural form and layout characteristics of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower: the most common form of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower in the Ming and Qing dynasties is the two-story pavilion on the top of the mountain with heavy eaves; the wooden barrier on the upper floor and the brick wall at the bottom; the upper plane is wide and the depth is one each. The lower floor is wide, each three deep. Generally located in the first into the courtyard on both sides, that is, between the gate and the Temple of Heaven on both sides.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU252;TU-098.3
[Abstract]:Buddhist monastery Zhong Gulou, is the most representative of the Ming and Qing Buddhist monasteries symmetrical pavilions. The bell tower and the drum tower were set up in palaces, cities and other types of buildings long before the Buddhist monastery appeared. However, at present, there are no systematic and obvious research results on the relationship between palaces, cities, Buddhist temple bell and drum towers and the forming period of Buddhist temple bell and drum towers. Therefore, this paper studies the formation background, architectural shape and layout characteristics of the building alignment system of Chinese Buddhist monastery. In this study, first of all, the background of the formation of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system, mainly for the palace and the city bell drum tower building formation and evolution process analysis, as well as the Buddhist temple symmetrical pavilion layout evolution process analysis. Secondly, the formation period of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower, that is, the period of the founding and establishment of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system, is analyzed. Finally, the status quo of the Chinese Buddhist temple bell and drum tower is combed, and then the architectural shape and layout characteristics of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower are investigated. In addition, the Korean Buddhist monastery building Zhong Gulou simple comb. Through the analysis of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the background of the formation of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system can be divided into external factors and internal factors: the external factor of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower formation is the abolition of the palace bell drum tower system. Later, the city bell drum tower and the Buddhist temple bell drum tower, each become the Ming and Qing dynasties city and the Ming and Qing dynasties Buddhist temple representative layout way, the Buddhist temple clock drum tower formation intrinsic factor, It is the symmetrical layout change between the bell tower and other pavilions in the Buddhist temple, that is, starting from the symmetrical layout of the bell tower and the Jing Zang, and passing through the symmetrical layout of the bell tower and the wheel Tibet and the bell tower and the Guanyin Pavilion. Finally fixed for the formation of the "bell tower and drum tower" opposite the layout. Second, the formation period of the Buddhist temple Zhong Gulou system: the founding period of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower system was presumed in the late Yuan Dynasty, and the establishment period of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower system was presumed in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, that is, from the Ming orthodox period to the Ming Dynasty. Third, the architectural form and layout characteristics of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower: the most common form of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower in the Ming and Qing dynasties is the two-story pavilion on the top of the mountain with heavy eaves; the wooden barrier on the upper floor and the brick wall at the bottom; the upper plane is wide and the depth is one each. The lower floor is wide, each three deep. Generally located in the first into the courtyard on both sides, that is, between the gate and the Temple of Heaven on both sides.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU252;TU-098.3
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