森林公园的近自然设计研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 04:03

【摘要】：本世纪以来,森林资源的可持续发展越来越得到人们的重视,立足生态学、大力发展“近自然林业”,是森林资源永续发展的有效方法。我国森林公园建设进入飞速发展的阶段,大量国家和省级森林公园如雨后春笋搬涌现。本研究采用层次分析法构建森林公园森林近自然度评价体系,定量定性相结合地评价石燕湖森林公园的近自然度,从而有针对性地提出近自然改造方法。 森林公园的近自然设计是在生态学的基础上,综合运用森林培育技术来营建近自然林群落为主的森林公园生态系统。本文以石燕湖森林公园为例作了粗浅的讨论,希望为后续的相关研究提供有价值的借鉴。论文得到结果如下： (1)构建了森林公园近自然度评价体系。选取树种多样性、林分活力、结构特征、干扰度4个方面的12个指标作为指标层,分别为：物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-wiener指数、重要值、顶级适应值、林分更新状况、郁闭度、蓄积量、顶级树种优势度、林层结构、采伐强度、枯立木状况；创新地引入自然构成指数和林层指数来分别反映顶级树种优势度和林层结构；利用灰色关联度法,将构建的近自然度评价体系中的各个指标进行量纲统一和量化,完成对各指标的标准化；对4块样地分别进行近自然度评价,得到每块样地的近自然度指数为0.38、0.62、0.48和0.36。 (2)得到石燕湖森林公园4个样地的近自然度等级分别是是Ⅲ级(乡土树种纯林或外来树种与乡土树种混交林),V级(次生林),Ⅳ级(乡土树种混交林),Ⅲ级(乡土树种纯林或外来树种与乡土树种混交林),并进行各自的森林状态分析,从而总结出石燕湖森林公园的森林近自然程度偏低的结论。 (3)针对近自然度评价下的石燕湖森林公园不同级别森林植被分别设计出分等级的改良方案：(1)对石燕湖低近自然度等级的植物群落,采用整地和抚育的方法,进行幼林抚育和混交林的营造,使之能在短时间内迅速萌荫成林,改变目前退化的状况。再监测的基础上,再不断间伐改良。直至成为中等近自然度等级的森林群落,再随之改变作业方式；(2)对于中等近自然度等级的森林群落,视作风景林进行设计,包括风景林的抚育整形和抚育改造两个方面,同时兼顾森林的美观度。主要方法有近自然法,兼顾森林演替法、透视伐和综合抚育伐,进行抚育整形,过程中利用定性和定量相结合的方法来确定采伐强度；(3)对于高近自然度等级的森林群落,拟视作自然保护区特用林,采用近自然法经营和封育保护相结合的方法。
[Abstract]:Since this century, people pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of forest resources. It is an effective method to develop "near natural forestry" based on ecology. The construction of forest parks in China has entered the stage of rapid development, and a large number of national and provincial forest parks have sprung up. In this study, the evaluation system of forest near-naturalness of forest park was constructed by AHP, and the near naturalness of Shiyan Lake forest park was evaluated by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, and the method of near-natural transformation was put forward. The near natural design of forest park is based on ecology and comprehensive use of forest cultivation technology to build forest park ecosystem which is dominated by natural forest community. Taking Shiyan Lake Forest Park as an example, this paper makes a brief discussion, hoping to provide valuable reference for further research. The results are as follows: (1) A forest park near natural degree evaluation system is constructed. Twelve indexes of tree species diversity, stand vigor, structural characteristics and disturbance degree were selected as index layers, which were: species richness, Pielou evenness index, Shannon-wiener index, important value, top fitness value, stand regeneration status. Canopy density, storage capacity, dominant degree of top tree species, forest structure, cutting intensity, dry stand condition; The natural composition index and forest layer index were introduced to reflect the dominance of top tree species and forest structure respectively. By using the method of grey correlation degree, every index in the evaluation system of near-naturalness is unified and quantified, and the standardization of each index is completed. The near naturalness index of each sample plot was 0.38 0. 62 0. 48 and 0. 36 respectively. (2) the near naturality grade of the four plots in Shiyan Lake Forest Park was grade 鈪，

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