萨南油田油水混输蜡沉积规律及清管周期研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 10:37

本文选题：站间管道　切入点：油水两相体系　出处：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文受到国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(项目编号:51404068)的资助。大庆萨南油田所产原油具有含蜡高、凝点高、析蜡点高的特点,为使原油在管道中具有较好的流动性,同时提高管输介质的温度,集输系统多采用掺水加热流程。然而,管输介质在输送过程中温度会逐渐降低,其中的蜡分子会逐渐的形成结晶并析出,最后粘附在管道的内壁上。蜡分子的沉积将使管路的有效流通截面减少,导致输送压力升高、输送能力降低、能耗上升、生产运行成本增加等一系列问题,严重时还可能造成凝管事故。为此,有必要开展油水两相体系蜡沉积规律研究,并制定合理经济的清管周期,以保证输油管道的安全高效运行。本文首先通过室内实验对萨南油田外输油样进行了析蜡特性研究,得出其凝点、原油组成、析蜡温度特征值以及微观结构特征。并且针对具有代表性的油样进行流变特性分析,以明确其粘温特性、粘弹特性及低温流变性。然后在进行了基础数据统计分析的基础上,针对大庆萨南油田站间管道进行了管输流量界限研究,在满足安全生产的前提下,给定现有工况下的管输流量界限。其次,对比现有的蜡沉积模型,从中选取最合适的计算模型,并通过改变部分相关参数的方法,将含水率这一因素纳入到蜡沉积速率的计算过程中,重新构建蜡沉积动力学模型,对油水两相体系在管输过程中的蜡沉积规律进行了系统的研究和预测,明确不同含水率、不同输油温度及不同外输液量对结蜡速率变化的影响。最后,以管道运行成本为目标函数,建立管道经济清管周期模型,得到萨南油田站间管道在不同外输条件下的清管周期。总结国内外常用的清管技术,根据萨南油田实际生产情况选择最合理的清管器进行清管作业。
[Abstract]:This paper is supported by the Youth Science Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation (project No.: 51404068). The crude oil produced in Daqing Sanan Oilfield has the characteristics of high wax content, high condensation point and high wax precipitation point, in order to make the crude oil have better fluidity in the pipeline. At the same time, the temperature of the pipe transport medium is raised, and the gathering and transportation system adopts the water mixing heating process. However, the temperature of the pipe transport medium will gradually decrease during the transportation process, and the wax molecules will gradually form crystallization and precipitate. Finally, adhesion to the inner wall of the pipeline. The deposition of wax molecules will reduce the effective flow section of the pipeline, leading to a series of problems, such as higher transport pressure, lower transport capacity, higher energy consumption, higher production and operation costs, and so on. For this reason, it is necessary to study the wax deposition law of oil-water two-phase system and to establish a reasonable and economical pigging cycle. In order to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the pipeline, this paper firstly studied the waxing characteristics of the oil samples transported outside the Sanan Oilfield through laboratory experiments, and obtained the condensing point and the composition of crude oil. The characteristic values of waxing temperature and microstructure were analyzed in order to determine the viscosity and temperature properties, viscoelastic properties and rheological properties of the typical oil samples. Then, based on the statistical analysis of the basic data, the rheological properties of the oil samples were analyzed. In this paper, the pipe flow limit is studied for the pipeline between stations in Sanan Oilfield, Daqing. Under the premise of satisfying the safety of production, the pipe flow limit is given under the existing working conditions. Secondly, the existing wax deposition models are compared. The most suitable calculation model is selected, and by changing some related parameters, the moisture content is incorporated into the calculation process of wax deposition rate, and the kinetic model of wax deposition is re-constructed. The wax deposition law of oil-water two-phase system in pipeline transportation is systematically studied and predicted. The effects of different water content, different oil temperature and different external infusion amount on wax deposition rate are determined. Taking pipeline operation cost as objective function, the economic pipeline cleaning cycle model is established, and the cleaning period of pipeline between stations in Sanan Oilfield under different conditions is obtained. The common pipe-cleaning techniques at home and abroad are summarized. According to the actual production situation in Sanan Oilfield, the most reasonable pipe-cleaner is selected for pigging operation.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE832.36

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