可燃废水焚烧处理装置的自控设计

发布时间：2018-03-31 02:21

本文选题：可燃废水　切入点：焚烧　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油化工作为一项基础性产业,在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。由于石油化工生产过程中通常伴随着有机物、可燃物、污染物的排放,所以石油化工产业一直是环境污染的重要污染来源。近些年,随着国民经济的整体发展,对环保行业越来越重视,甚至提出石油化工生产零排放的发展目标。对于石油化工生产产生的废水大多是有机物或者是无机物和有机物的混合物,用物理法和生物法不能完全分解,采用焚烧法将石油化工生产过程中产生的可燃废水中的有毒有害的有机物在高温下氧化分解成无毒无害的气体和水,这种方法可以去除废水中有毒有害物质高达99.99%以上,同时还可以建立余热锅炉回收焚烧炉排除的热量用来发电和生产蒸汽等,达到节能和保护环境的目的。首先,论文对可燃废水焚烧装置的工艺流程进行概述。简要介绍可燃废水焚烧装置的原理和特点。通过阐述可燃废水焚烧装置预处理、高温焚烧、余热回收和烟气处理四个步骤的工艺流程来说明可燃废水焚烧装置的工艺流程。其次,论文详细阐述了可燃废水焚烧装置的控制方案设计,其中主要介绍高温焚烧部分的控制方案设计,对预处理、余热回收和烟气处理的控制方案设计只做简单说明。对于高温焚烧部分的控制主要从烧嘴点火段的控制、热氧化对流段的控制和燃烧段的控制三方面进行论述。通过对点火空气流量的控制、点火废水进料的控制和点火空气进料压力的控制三方面论述烧嘴点火段的控制。通过对热氧化对流段空气流量的控制和热氧化对流段温度的控制两方面论述热氧化对流段的控制。通过对炉膛内氧含量的控制和炉膛温度的控制两方面论述燃烧段的控制。同时对燃料配比的控制方案进行了说明。再次,论文详细论述了可燃废水焚烧装置控制系统的设计,主要通过现场检测元件的设计、PLC的I/O卡件的选型与组态和DCS和PLC通讯的设计三方面进行说明。在现场检测元件设计部分介绍了现场温度元件、现场流量元件、现场分析元件和现场压力元件的选用原则,并对参与可燃废水焚烧装置的仪表进行选型,同时还对现场检测元件的双冗余设置原则进行了详细说明。然后对PLC中I/O卡件接线原理图的介绍并给出参与可燃废水焚烧装置的仪表接线方案,之后对PLC的I/O卡件的组态过程进行简单说明。之后介绍了DCS和PLC通讯的组态步骤。最后,依据DCS上的仿真曲线结果说明论文所论述可燃废水焚烧装置控制方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Petrochemical industry, as a basic industry, plays an important role in the national economy. Therefore, petrochemical industry has always been an important source of environmental pollution. In recent years, with the overall development of the national economy, more and more attention has been paid to the environmental protection industry. The development goal of zero discharge from petrochemical production is even put forward. For the waste water produced by petrochemical production is mostly organic matter or a mixture of inorganic and organic compounds, the physical and biological methods cannot be completely decomposed. The toxic and harmful organic matter in the combustible wastewater produced in petrochemical production process is oxidized into non-toxic and harmless gas and water by incineration method. The toxic and harmful substances in the wastewater can be removed by this method up to 99.99%. At the same time, the waste heat boiler can be built to recover the heat removed from the incinerator to generate electricity and produce steam, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and protecting the environment. In this paper, the process flow of combustible wastewater incineration unit is summarized. The principle and characteristics of combustible waste water incineration unit are briefly introduced, and the pretreatment of combustible wastewater incineration device and high temperature incineration are described. The flowsheet of waste heat recovery and flue gas treatment is used to explain the process of combustible wastewater incineration device. Secondly, the control scheme design of combustible wastewater incineration unit is described in detail. The control scheme design of high temperature incineration part is mainly introduced. The control scheme design of pretreatment, waste heat recovery and flue gas treatment is simply explained. The control of high temperature incineration part is mainly controlled from the ignition section of the burner. The control of heat oxidation flow section and combustion section is discussed. This paper discusses the control of burner ignition section from three aspects: the control of ignition wastewater feed and the control of ignition air feed pressure. Through the control of air flow rate in the hot oxidation flow section and the temperature control of the thermal oxidation convection section, the thermal oxygen is discussed. Through the control of oxygen content in furnace and the control of furnace temperature, the control of combustion section is discussed. At the same time, the control scheme of fuel ratio is explained. The design of the control system of combustible wastewater incineration device is discussed in detail in this paper. This paper mainly introduces the selection and configuration of the I / O card and the design of DCS and PLC communication. In the part of the design of the field detection element, the field temperature element, the field flow element, the field flow component are introduced. The selection principle of field analysis elements and field pressure components, and the selection of instruments involved in combustible wastewater incineration plant, At the same time, the principle of setting up double redundancy of detecting elements in the field is explained in detail. Then the wiring schematic diagram of I / O card in PLC is introduced and the instrument wiring scheme to participate in the combustible waste water incineration device is given. After that, the configuration process of I / O card of PLC is simply explained. Then the configuration steps of DCS and PLC communication are introduced. Finally, the feasibility of the control scheme of combustible wastewater incineration plant is explained according to the result of simulation curve on DCS.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X742

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