基于开关型表面活性剂的泡沫性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 13:58

  本文选题：脒基 + 开关型表面活性剂　； 参考：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：泡沫流体钻井作为欠平衡钻井技术的一种重要辅助手段,已经具备了低密度的特性,还需具备良好的泡沫性能和可循环性。泡沫性能需满足快速起泡、消泡,抗污染性能强,悬浮携带性能好及对储层伤害小等特性,才能保证施工过程经济、高效。而常规泡沫流体时常不能面面俱到。本文选取的脒基CO2/N2开关表面活性剂作为泡沫钻井液用发泡剂,其起泡消泡可以通过CO2/N2开关人为控制,可以循环使用,同时,CO2/N2是一种绿色环保型开关。以脒基CO2/N2开关表面活性剂为研究对象,探讨了开关灵敏性和开关激发条件、构建了泡沫钻井液体系和体系的泡沫性能评价。 本文合成了系列N'-长链烷基-N,N-二甲基乙脒及对应的碳酸氢盐。第一阶段是N'-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基乙脒的合成,因反应需在无水的条件下进行,实验前,试剂均有除水操作。反应条件：选择氯仿为溶剂,n(伯胺)：n(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)=1：2.5,12～14小时后调pH值为弱酸性,继续反应10-12h,反应温度60～65℃。第二阶段探究了N'-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基乙脒基碳酸氢盐的形成影响因素,其中应该注意需在适量水的条件下可进行。因素分析结果：N'-长链烷基-N,N-二甲基乙脒取量为0.02mo1,原料用量比=N'-长链烷基-N,N-二甲基乙脒：H20=0.04(摩尔质量比),反应时间2小时,反应温度45～65℃,反应溶剂为乙醚,用量为20mL 根据开关特性建立了CO2/N2开关评判方法,主要运用电导率法测试了开关的灵敏性,考察了温度、酸、碱、盐对开关的影响。建立了充气起泡实验装置,确定了开关激发条件,对产物进行自循环实验测试和CO2/N2开关条件下泡沫性能的影响因素分析。 在此基础上,通过对处理剂浓度的优选、稳定剂种类和加量的优选、粘土加量的优选得到：不稳定泡沫(质量分数为0.474%DMAAB-12,以下配方物理量皆为质量分数)、稳定泡沫(0.474%DMAAB-12+0.1～0.3%HEC)口硬胶泡沫(0.474%DMAAB-12+0.1-0.3%HEC+0.5～1.0%膨润土+5%Na2CO3)。发泡体系起泡消泡循环测试结果显示：初始泡沫体积均可达到840mL,半衰期在500s左右。循环6次以后泡沫体积稍微下降,但泡沫稳定性基本维持。泡沫体系悬浮性实验显示：沉降速度是清水中的50～90倍。抗污染实验结果：体系抗NaCl、CaCl2能力较强；温度在40～100℃,体系具有较好的泡沫性能,40～80℃,泡沫性能较强；煤油加量超过2.00%,体系的抗油性能不强。
[Abstract]:As an important auxiliary means of underbalanced drilling, foam fluid drilling has the characteristics of low density, and it also needs good foam performance and circulability. Foam performance needs to meet the characteristics of rapid foaming, defoaming, strong anti-pollution performance, good suspension and carrying performance and little damage to reservoir, in order to ensure the economic and efficient construction process. Conventional foam fluids often fail to cover all aspects. In this paper, the surfactant of amidine CO _ 2 / N _ 2 switch is selected as foaming agent for foam drilling fluid. The foaming and defoaming agent can be artificially controlled by CO _ 2 / N _ 2 switch and can be recycled. Meanwhile, CO _ 2 / N _ 2 is a kind of green and environment-friendly switch. In this paper, the switch sensitivity and switching excitation conditions were discussed, and the foam performance evaluation of the foam drilling fluid system and its system were constructed by taking the amidine CO _ 2 / N _ 2 switch surfactant as the research object. A series of Na-long chain alkyl N-dimethyl acetamidine and its corresponding bicarbonate have been synthesized. The first stage is the synthesis of N- dodecyl-N- (N-)-dimethyl acetamidine. The reaction needs to be carried out under the condition of anhydrous. Before the experiment, the reagent has dewatering operation. The reaction conditions were as follows: chloroform was chosen as solvent N (primary amine): n (N- (N-dimethyl acetamide) 1: 2. 5 (dimethyl acetamide) 1: 2. 5 / 12 for 14 hours, pH value was adjusted to weak acidity, reaction time was 10 ~ 12 h, reaction temperature was 60 ~ 65 鈩，

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