吉林油田集输系统结垢规律研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 10:26

【摘要】：吉林油田已进入低含油、低生产后期开采阶段,能耗高,能源浪费严重一直频繁出现在现役的集输方式和采输设备能源中,油田集输系统腐蚀结垢严重,不仅油田的正常生产会被影响、运转寿命急剧减少,就连油田安全长期的生产也会被影响。吉林油田已经长期利用注水方式进行油田开发,日积月累结垢问题刻不容缓,不同程度的结垢现象反复出现在油井及地面集输管线中,油田部分区块结垢最严重时,垢物导致管线被堵死、油井被垢物彻底掩埋的情况经常伴随着石油开采,油田结垢问题必须有针对性的解决,不能选用一些治标不治本的方法,油田结垢问题迫在眉睫急需找出有效的办法。只有减少能量消耗,才能实现油田的可持续发展,所以就必须针对整个集输系统进行优化改造。而现如今,鲜有文章研究低产油田整个集输系统用能状况及优化运行情况,因此有必要找出整个集输系统效率低、能耗高、收益小的主要影响因素,对低产油田的整个集输系统能耗及效率进行测试分析,给出能耗分布状况,找出高效与低效的地方。本文通过分析原因,因地制宜的提出节能降耗措施,并通过理论计算推算节能潜力,研究其优化运行方案。本文首先研究了吉林油田集输系统水质分析特点,判断水质类型。并对垢样的成分进行了定性和定量的分析。从而,针对垢样中的各种成分,分析水样中各种离子浓度在不同pH、温度、时间的条件下的变化。最后,通过实验数据推理出各类垢的结垢机理以及相应的除垢机理和措施,预测出吉林油田集输系统结垢趋势预测。结果表明,所有水样都是弱碱性,水中HCO3-、Ca2+和Mg2+离子的浓度大,在一定温度和压力下容易引起结垢。大部分水样都是碳酸氢钠型。采出液中有硫酸还原菌和腐生菌,基本不含铁细菌。掺输水和采出水的腐蚀性较低,加入药剂后可进一步降低水样对碳钢的腐蚀速率。而pH值的升高会促使HC03-离子转化为C032-离子,从而生成CaCO3和MgCO3沉淀。同时,提高温度和延长时间有利于HC03离子转化C03离子,也会促进生成CaCO3和MgCO3沉淀。并且通过垢样分析得知,垢样中的主要成分是二氧化硅,碳酸钙,碳酸镁,碳酸铁。同时,采出液中含油,也易形成油垢。
[Abstract]:Jilin Oilfield has entered the stage of low oil content, low production stage, high energy consumption, serious energy waste has been frequently appeared in the current gathering and transportation mode and production and transportation equipment energy, the oil field gathering and transportation system corrosion scaling is serious. Not only the normal production of the oil field will be affected, the operation life will be reduced sharply, but also the safe and long term production of the oil field will be affected. Jilin Oilfield has used water injection for a long time to develop the oil field. The problem of accumulated scaling is urgent. The scaling phenomenon of different degrees appears repeatedly in oil wells and surface gathering pipelines, when scaling is most serious in some oil fields, Dirt causes the pipeline to be blocked, and the oil well is completely buried by dirt, which is often accompanied by oil production. The problem of scaling in oil fields must be solved pertinently, and some methods of treating the symptoms and not the root cause can not be chosen. It is urgent to find an effective solution to scale problem in oil field. Only by reducing energy consumption can we realize the sustainable development of the oil field, so we must optimize and transform the whole gathering and transportation system. Nowadays, there are few articles to study the energy consumption and optimal operation of the whole gathering and transportation system in low yield oil fields. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the main influencing factors of the low efficiency, high energy consumption and low revenue of the whole gathering and transportation system. The energy consumption and efficiency of the whole gathering and transportation system in low production oil fields are tested and analyzed, the distribution of energy consumption is given, and the places of high efficiency and low efficiency are found out. Based on the analysis of the reasons, the paper puts forward the measures of saving energy and reducing consumption according to local conditions, and calculates the potential of energy saving by theoretical calculation, and studies its optimized operation scheme. In this paper, the characteristics of water quality analysis of gathering and transportation system in Jilin Oilfield are studied, and the water quality types are judged. The composition of the scale sample was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, the changes of ionic concentrations in water samples under different pH, temperature and time were analyzed for the various components in the scale sample. Finally, the scaling mechanism of various types of scale and the corresponding scaling removal mechanism and measures are deduced from the experimental data, and the scaling trend of the gathering and transportation system in Jilin Oilfield is predicted. The results show that all the water samples are weakly alkaline, and the concentration of HCO _ 3-C _ 2 and mg _ 2 ions in the water is high, so it is easy to cause scaling at a certain temperature and pressure. Most water samples are sodium bicarbonate. There are sulphuric acid reducing bacteria and decomposed bacteria in the extract, basically no iron bacteria. The corrosion rate of carbon steel can be further reduced by adding agent. The increase of pH value will promote the conversion of HC03- ions to C032- ions, resulting in the precipitation of CaCO3 and MgCO3. At the same time, increasing the temperature and prolonging the time is beneficial to the conversion of HC03 ions to C03 ions, and also to the formation of CaCO3 and MgCO3 precipitates. The results show that the main components in the scale sample are silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and ferric carbonate. At the same time, oil in the recovery liquid, also easy to form oil scale.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE863

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