好水川流域地表水资源评价及利用现状分析

发布时间：2018-03-03 12:41

本文选题：好水川流域　切入点：降水预报　出处：《宁夏大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黄土高原区域是世界上最大的黄土集聚区,区域土地资源开阔,水资源非常缺乏,且蒸发量大,降水量相对稀少并且时空分布极不均匀,水资源利用率较低。由于长期收认为因素干扰以及自然气候特点,生态环境演变的非常脆弱。随着人口和社会经济的日益发展,水资源供给与需求之间的矛盾越来越突出,流域水资源的评价工作是流域水资源配置、调度、高效利用和可持续发展的基础和有效途径。隆德县的水资源利用主要为地表水资源,地下水的埋深比较大,所以地下水资源的开采程度比较低。研究区域宁夏隆德县好水川流域面积102km2,流域内生态、生活、生产用水皆依靠当地水资源。该地区没有外水流入,地表水资源主要来自于降水后产生的地表径流。流域内地表水主要用于农业用水即灌溉用水,灌溉在农业生产中起着决定作用。灌溉用水有效利用系数是能够反映全灌区渠系输水和田间用水状况,与灌区自然条件、工程状况、用水管理等因素有关,是评价灌溉用水效率的重要指标。论文以好水川流域作为研究对象,通过收集资料、实地调查、实验观察、模糊数学理论分析方法,对流域水资源分析研究。将灰色预测与马尔可夫模型结合,建立了适合该流域的降水模型,对区域内未来的降水进行预报和趋势分析；在了解模型原理和学习使用的基础上,应用集总式水文模型,对好水川流域进行降雨径流模拟研究,将模拟结果与实测结果进行对比分析,并对流域内不同土地利用类型和降雨情况下的地表径流进行预报；选用“首尾测算分析法”,测算出好水川流域现状农业灌溉用水有效利用系数为0.533；对灌区农业灌溉水用水有效利用系数的主要影响因素进行分析,并初步分析了提高灌溉水有效利用系数的潜力。
[Abstract]:The Loess Plateau region is the largest loess gathering area in the world. The regional land resources are open, the water resources are very short, the evaporation is large, the precipitation is relatively rare and the spatial and temporal distribution is very uneven. The utilization ratio of water resources is low. The ecological environment evolves very fragile because of the disturbance of long-term income factors and the characteristics of natural climate. With the increasing development of population and social economy, the contradiction between water supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent. The evaluation of watershed water resources is the basis and effective way of water resources allocation, scheduling, efficient utilization and sustainable development. The utilization of water resources in Longde County is mainly surface water resources, the groundwater depth is relatively large, so the exploitation degree of groundwater resources is relatively low. Water for production depends on local water resources. There is no external water inflow in this area, and surface water resources mainly come from surface runoff after precipitation. The surface water in the basin is mainly used for agricultural water, that is, irrigation, which plays a decisive role in agricultural production. The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water can reflect the water conveyance of canal system and field water use in the whole irrigated area, and the natural conditions of the irrigation area. Engineering condition, water use management and other factors are important indexes to evaluate irrigation water use efficiency. This paper studies the water resources of the watershed by collecting data, field investigation, experimental observation, fuzzy mathematics theory analysis method, combining grey forecast with Markov model. The precipitation model suitable for this basin is established to forecast and analyze the future precipitation in the region, and on the basis of understanding the principle of the model and studying and using the model, the hydrological model of lumped model is used to simulate the rainfall runoff in Haoshui River Basin. The simulation results are compared with the measured results, and the surface runoff under different land use types and rainfall in the basin is forecasted. The effective utilization coefficient of agricultural irrigation water is 0.533. The main influencing factors of the effective utilization coefficient of agricultural irrigation water in irrigated area are analyzed. The potential of improving the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water was analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4

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