略论中国水安全问题与地下水的保障作用

发布时间：2018-04-03 04:01

本文选题：水安全　切入点：战略对策　出处：《地质学报》2016年10期

【摘要】：中国水资源面临的形势依然十分严峻,水资源短缺、水污染严重、水生态环境恶化等问题日益突出,成为制约经济社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。主要表现为:全国人均水资源量接近1700m~3,即将步入水紧张国家;京津冀等地区人均水资源量不足250m~3,水资源极度短缺,地下水超采严重;全国地表水质量总体好转,东部人口密集区地下水质量有恶化趋势;部分地区和城市水源供给结构单一,抵御突发性缺水事件的能力不足。地下水是国际公认的可靠供水水源,欧美等发达国家以地下水作为主要饮用水源。地下水在中国工农业供水和生活用水方面也发挥着重要作用。然而,地下水的重要作用并没有被广泛认同,甚至往往被忽视。本文阐明了地下水在保障水安全中的重要作用。保障水安全,核心在于推进治水思路战略转变,关键在于加强水文地质及相关学科科技创新。主要战略措施包括:从注重城市和工业节水向注重全面系统节水转变,以农业节水弥补城镇供水快速增长;从注重开发利用向注重涵养保护转变,以水资源涵养保护促进水资源可持续利用;从注重地表水供水向注重地下水地表水优化配置转变,以地下水战略储备应对突发性水危机;从注重工程调水向注重虚拟水贸易转变,以虚拟水贸易调节长期水供求关系。
[Abstract]:The situation of water resources in China is still very severe, water shortage, serious water pollution, deterioration of water ecological environment and other problems have become increasingly prominent, which has become the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of economy and society.The main results are as follows: the per capita water resources of the whole country are close to 1700 mm3, which is about to enter a water-tight country; the per capita water resources in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other areas are less than 250 mm3; the water resources are extremely short, and the groundwater is overexploited seriously; and the quality of surface water in the whole country has improved overall.The groundwater quality in the eastern densely populated areas tends to deteriorate, and the water supply structure in some areas and cities is single, and the ability to resist sudden water shortage events is insufficient.Groundwater is internationally recognized as a reliable source of water supply, developed countries such as Europe and America take groundwater as the main drinking water source.Groundwater also plays an important role in China's industrial and agricultural water supply and domestic water use.However, the important role of groundwater is not widely recognized, or often ignored.This paper expounds the important role of groundwater in ensuring water safety.To ensure water safety, the key lies in promoting the strategic transformation of water control thinking, and strengthening the scientific and technological innovation in hydrogeology and related disciplines.The main strategic measures include: changing from focusing on urban and industrial water saving to focusing on comprehensive and systematic water saving, and making up for the rapid growth of urban water supply by agricultural water saving; and from focusing on development and utilization to focusing on conservation and protection.The sustainable utilization of water resources should be promoted by the conservation and protection of water resources, the change from the attention to surface water supply to the optimal allocation of groundwater surface water, and the strategic reserve of groundwater to deal with the sudden water crisis;From paying attention to engineering water transfer to paying attention to virtual water trade, the long-term water supply and demand relationship is regulated by virtual water trade.
【作者单位】：中国地质调查局;中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所;
【基金】：中国地质调查局我国地下水资源综合调查与成果集成(12120115065701)和中国地质调查局全国水文地质类图件编制(1212011220941)联合资助成果
【分类号】：P641.8;TV213.4

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