影响于田绿洲水资源利用的人文因素空间分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 12:26

本文选题：于田绿洲 + 水资源　；参考：《新疆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是人类生命之源,更是绿洲的血液。绿洲是干旱区人类活动的主要场所同时也是受人类活动干扰较明显的区域。于田绿洲位于克里雅河流域中段,是典型的受到人类活动影响的流域。于田绿洲人类活动的进一步发展,特别到近代随着人类文明、社会体制的改革,人类生产,生活等经济活动、土地制度、灌溉制度的变化,人口的急骤增长,工、农、民用水的剧增,对地下水资源的开发加速,使克里雅河下游本来就紧张的水资源需过于供。依赖水量生存的绿洲不断向上游退缩,水系也发生明显的萎缩和频繁的迁移,沙漠化的扩展,土壤盐泽化和环境恶化趋势愈来愈严重。本文以于田绿洲为研究对象,选取于田县的英巴格乡和喀尔克乡,以乡为单元,对绿洲的水资源和影响水资源的人文因素进行研究,重点分析了各人文因子在时间和空间上的变化情况；采用农户调查法、时间序列、回归分析等研究方法,确定了人文因子时空变化特征,以及人文因子对水资源利用的影响程度和范围,最终实现人对水资源的合理利用及人与水资源的协调发展。本文选取的英巴格乡位于于田县的东北部,喀尔克乡位于于田县的西北部,英巴格乡距县中心11.7公里,喀尔克乡距县中心48公里。英巴格乡靠克里雅河,水资源丰富,喀尔克乡距克里雅河的距离比较远,水资源短缺,且两个乡在生活方式、农业生产、社会经济、水资源利用方式、灌溉水源、水资源总量等各个方面有着许多异同之处,因此从这些共同点和差异为出发点,对影响于田绿洲水资源利用的人文因素进行了典型的空间对比分析。本文主要研究成果如下： (1)于田绿洲水资源的年际与年内时空分布不均匀,人类活动对水资源利用的影响主要是表现在人类引用河水用在灌溉,过度开采地下水等方面。人类引河水量逐渐增加,地下水开采量也逐步增长,人类不合理开发利用水资源而导致沙漠化的扩展,土壤盐泽化和环境恶化。 (2)绿洲地下水埋深的空间分布特征是从南部往北部,又从东南方向往西北方向呈变浅趋势,位于西部的喀尔克乡,希吾勒乡地下水埋深最浅,西南部的阿热勒乡地下水埋深最深,因此在希吾勒乡和喀尔克乡亚泽华比较严重。地下水埋深的时间变化特征是春和冬灌溉期地下水埋深下降,地下水位高；夏季灌溉期,地下水埋深普遍上升,因为这段时间是该地区的灌溉期,但研究区属典型的干旱区,降水量很少,蒸发量大,所以该时间段地下水埋深上升,水位下降；无灌溉期地下水埋深大体上稳定状态。 (3)于田绿洲水资源利用方式落后,目前于田县97.07%以上的耕地依然采用地面灌。而且现有的地面灌溉方式比较粗放,灌溉水利用率较低,大水漫灌、串灌、上排下灌等现象仍然存在,造成过量灌溉,既浪费了有限的水资源,又使田间渗漏严重,抬高了地下水位,造成土壤盐渍化。 (4)通过灰色关联度分析可知,影响水资源总量的主导因素是总播种面积,总播种面积的变化直接影响水资源总量的变化,播种面积越多灌溉量也越多。 5)在人文因子的处理基础上,经农户调查得到的数据：1)人口数2)农户家总耕地面积(亩)3)小麦耕地面积(亩)；4)玉米耕地面积(亩)；5)农作物总产量(千斤)；6)农民纯收入(元)；7)玉米粮食产量(千斤)；8)小麦产量(千斤)；9)年底牲畜头数(头)；10)年均化肥量(千斤)；11)年均用电量(千瓦)；利用统计分析方法的反距离加权插值法做出两个乡11个指标100m×100m的空间分布图并对两个乡的11个指标进行单因子空间对比分析,然后与水资源总量的空间分布图进行叠加,算出人文因子对水资源利用的影响强度,对研究结果进行分级分类。结果表明：英巴格乡人文因子对水资源的影响程度小,面积82.33km2,占区域面积的81%,喀尔克乡的人文因子对水资源的影响程度高,面积71.73km2,占区域面积的96%。这研究结果说明,人类的经济,农业生产活动,农作物种类,农业技术,文化水平等对水资源的利用有直接的影响。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of human life, and it is the blood of oasis. Oasis is the main place for human activities in the arid area and also a region that is obviously disturbed by human activities. Yutian Oasis is located in the middle section of the river basin, the typical basin of human activities. Human civilization, social system reform, human production, life and other economic activities, land system, irrigation system changes, rapid population growth, industrial, agricultural, civil water increase, the development of groundwater resources, the lower reaches of the lower reaches of the river in the lower reaches of the river. The water system also has obvious atrophy and frequent migration, the expansion of desertification, the soil salinized and environmental degradation is becoming more and more serious. This article takes Yutian Oasis as the research object, chooses Yutian County and the rural area as the unit, studies the water resources and the human factors affecting the water resources in the oasis, and focuses on the analysis of the human factors. The changes of the human factors in time and space are made, and the research methods of peasant household survey, time series and regression analysis have been adopted to determine the characteristics of the time and space changes of human factors and the extent and scope of the influence of human factors on the utilization of water resources. Finally, the rational use of water resources and the coordinated development of human and water resources are realized.
This article is located in the northeast of Yutian County. Kali township is located in the northwest of Yutian County, 11.7 kilometers from the center of Yutian County, 48 kilometers from the center of Kali Township, Kali township is far from the kyyah River, the water resources are rich, the distance from the Kali river is far away, the water resources are short, and two townships are in the way of life. There are many similarities and differences in agricultural production, social economy, water resource utilization, irrigation water source and total water resources. Therefore, from these common points and differences as the starting point, the human factors affecting the utilization of water resources in Yutian Oasis are analyzed in a typical spatial comparison. The main research results of this paper are as follows:
(1) the interannual and spatio-temporal distribution of water resources in Yutian Oasis is uneven. The influence of human activity on water resources is mainly manifested in the human diversion of water in irrigation and over exploitation of groundwater. The water diversion of human being gradually increased, the exploitation of groundwater also increased gradually, and the human unreasonably exploited and utilized water resources to lead to desert. The expansion of the soil, the salinized soil and the deterioration of the environment.
(2) the spatial distribution characteristics of the groundwater depth in the oasis are from the south to the north and from the southeast to the northwest, in the western part of the Kel Kel Township, the shallower buried depth of the groundwater in Hewu Township, and the deepest buried depth of the groundwater in the southwest of the Allen Township, so it is more serious in the Hewu and Kal township. The characteristics of the time variation are the depth of groundwater depth and the high groundwater level in the spring and winter irrigation period, the rising of groundwater depth in the summer irrigation period, because this period is the irrigation period in this area, but the research area belongs to the typical arid area, and the precipitation is very small and the evaporation is large, so the groundwater depth is rising, the water level is down, and the period of the water level is down. The buried depth of groundwater is generally stable.
(3) the utilization of water resources in Yutian Oasis is backward. At present, more than 97.07% of the cultivated land in Yutian is still using ground irrigation, and the existing ground irrigation methods are relatively extensive, the utilization rate of irrigation water is low, large water flooding, series irrigation and upper irrigation are still existing, resulting in excessive irrigation, which not only wastes limited water resources, but also causes severe leakage in the field. Heavy, raised the water level, causing soil salinization.
(4) through the grey correlation analysis, it is found that the dominant factor affecting the total water resources is the total sown area, and the change of the total sown area directly affects the total amount of water resources, and the more the sown area is, the more irrigation amount is.
5) on the basis of the processing of human factors, the data obtained by the peasant household survey: 1) the number of population 2) the total cultivated land area (MU) 3) wheat cultivated land area (MU); 4) corn arable area (MU); 5) total crop yield (Qian Jin); 6) the pure income of farmers (yuan); 7) corn grain yield (Qian Jin); 8) wheat yield (Qian Jin); 9) head number of livestock at the end of the year 9 (head); 10) annual average chemical fertilizer (Qian Jin); 11) annual power consumption (kw); using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method of statistical analysis method to make the spatial distribution map of 11 indexes 100m * 100m of two townships and make a single factor spatial contrast analysis on 11 indexes of two townships, and then superimpose the spatial distribution map of the total water resources and calculate the people. The results show that the influence degree of human factors on water resources is small, the area is 82.33km2, which accounts for 81% of the area, and the influence of human factors on water resources is high, and the surface area of 96%. is 71.73km2. Clearly, human economy, agricultural production activities, crop types, agricultural technology, and cultural level have direct impacts on water resources utilization.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213

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