交汇角度对黄河上游高含沙交汇区淤堵影响的试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 14:21

本文选题：黄河 + 高含沙交汇区　；参考：《工程科学与技术》2017年03期

【摘要】：为了研究减轻高含沙交汇区沙坝淤堵的治理措施,通过模型试验研究了干支流不同交汇角度对孔兑与黄河高含沙交汇区沙坝淤堵规模的影响。试验以产生的高含沙洪水淤堵黄河干流次数最多、危害最大的孔兑之一—西柳沟与黄河交汇的干支流河段为模拟对象,采用黄河高含沙水流动床模型相似律进行模型设计,选取90°、60°、30°和15°作为试验交汇角度,分别开展了清水和浑水交汇试验,获取交汇区水流分区特性和沙坝淤堵规模特征。结果表明:随着交汇角增大,支流对干流的顶托作用增强,交汇口上游壅水区流速逐渐减小,水深增大;交汇角较小时交汇口下游形不成回流区,交汇角增大到30°以后回流区形成并随交汇角增大而增大,伴随着高流速带向对岸移动;壅水区和回流区沙坝尺度随交汇角增大而增大,交汇角较小时形不成壅水区淤积体和回流区淤积体,但易形成交汇口对岸淤积体,其尺度随交汇角增大而减小,与回流区淤积体互为消长。交汇口以上主槽的淤堵由壅水区淤积体构成,交汇口下游主槽淤堵由回流区淤积体和对岸淤积体共同构成,当交汇角为30°时交汇口上下游主槽总体淤堵规模最小。从河道淤堵规模和河岸稳定方面综合分析认为,在现状河道和水沙条件下,30°是有利于减轻孔兑与黄河高含沙交汇区淤堵的较优交汇角,这对交汇口河道整治具有重要指导作用。
[Abstract]:In order to study the measures to reduce the silting of the sand dam in the high sand content intersection area, the influence of different intersection angles of the trunk and tributaries on the scale of the sand dam blockage in the high sand bearing area of the Yellow River was studied by model tests. The experiment takes the section of the trunk and tributaries of Xiliugou, one of the most dangerous and dangerous ones, as the simulation object. The model is designed by using the model similarity law of the flow bed model of the high sediment water in the Yellow River. Taking 90 掳60 掳60 掳30 掳and 15 掳as the experimental intersection angle, the experiment on the intersection of clear water and muddy water was carried out, respectively, and the characteristics of water flow zoning and the silting scale of sand dam in the intersection area were obtained. The results show that with the increase of the intersection angle, the topping effect of the tributaries on the main stream increases, the velocity of the backwater area in the upper reaches of the intersection gradually decreases and the water depth increases, and the intersection angle is smaller and the lower reaches of the intersection do not form a backflow zone. When the intersection angle increases to 30 掳, the backflow zone forms and increases with the increase of the intersection angle, with the high velocity zone moving to the opposite shore, and the sand dam scale increases with the increase of the intersection angle in the backwater area and the backflow zone. The confluence angle is smaller than that in the backwater area and the backflow area, but it is easy to form the silt on the opposite side of the intersection, and its scale decreases with the increase of the intersection angle, and increases and decreases with each other with the silt in the circumfluence area. The blockage of the main channel above the junction is composed of the silt in the backwater area, and the silt in the downstream of the intersection is composed of the silt in the backflow zone and the silt on the shore. When the intersection angle is 30 掳, the overall silting scale of the main channel in the upper and lower reaches of the intersection is the smallest. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the scale of river silting and the stability of river banks, it is concluded that 30 掳in the current river channel and water and sediment condition is beneficial to the reduction of siltation angle in the area where the porosity and the high sediment content of the Yellow River meet each other, which plays an important guiding role in the regulation of the river channel at the junction mouth.
【作者单位】：黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379087) 十二五国家科技支撑计划课题资助项目(2012BAB02B03) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2017-07)
【分类号】：TV147.4

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