极端干旱事件中洞庭湖水面变化过程及成因
发布时间：2018-08-06 12:20
【摘要】：干旱是洞庭湖区长期以来面临的严重自然灾害之一,给周边人们的生产生活造成了极大的影响.针对2006和2011年洞庭湖区发生的极端干旱事件,借助遥感影像大范围、时空连续的优势,结合湖区水文气象等观测资料,从时空两方面阐释了洞庭湖在典型干旱年份水域分布及变化过程,进一步从温度、降水、径流以及蓄水量等方面对比分析不同干旱事件发生、发展过程的一致性和差异性.研究结果表明:2006年干旱大致从7月开始,至12月结束.水面淹没范围由湖心向周边扩展,到7月达到最大值,8月提前进入枯水期,减小范围主要集中在东洞庭湖外围和南洞庭湖的北边.2006年干旱属于由入湖径流减少主导的水文干旱事件;2011年的干旱则从4月开始,至11月结束,在9月以后干旱继续加重.水面淹没范围在6月急剧增大且一直到8月都维持在较高的水平,涨水期水面由中心向四周淹没,退水期水面变化范围与涨水期相反.2011年干旱是由流域降水减少引起的水文和气象干旱事件.研究结果揭示了洞庭湖区干旱成因的多样性和复杂性,对于制定科学合理的干旱灾害防范措施,减缓区域的生态环境问题等具有一定的指导和借鉴意义.
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the serious natural disasters in Dongting Lake area for a long time. In view of the extreme drought events that occurred in Dongting Lake region in 2006 and 2011, with the advantage of large range of remote sensing images and continuous time and space, combined with hydrometeorological and other observation data in the lake area, The distribution and variation process of Dongting Lake in typical arid years are explained from two aspects of time and space, and the consistency and difference of the occurrence and development process of different drought events are compared and analyzed from the aspects of temperature, precipitation, runoff and water storage. The results show that the drought began in July and ended in December. The submerged area of the water extends from the center of the lake to the periphery, reaching its maximum value in July and entering the dry season in August. The drought in 2006 is a hydrological drought event dominated by runoff reduction. The drought in 2011 began in April and ended in November, and the drought continued to worsen after September. The area of water submergence increased sharply in June and remained at a relatively high level until August. During the rising period, the water surface was submerged from the center to the surrounding area. The range of water surface variation in the receding period is opposite to that in the flood period. The drought in 2011 is a hydrological and meteorological drought event caused by the decrease of precipitation in the watershed. The results reveal the diversity and complexity of the causes of drought in Dongting Lake area, which have certain guiding and referential significance for the formulation of scientific and reasonable preventive measures against drought disasters and the alleviation of ecological and environmental problems in the region.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2012CB417003) 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所“一三五”战略发展规划项目(NIGLAS2012135001)联合资助
【分类号】：P333;P343.3
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the serious natural disasters in Dongting Lake area for a long time. In view of the extreme drought events that occurred in Dongting Lake region in 2006 and 2011, with the advantage of large range of remote sensing images and continuous time and space, combined with hydrometeorological and other observation data in the lake area, The distribution and variation process of Dongting Lake in typical arid years are explained from two aspects of time and space, and the consistency and difference of the occurrence and development process of different drought events are compared and analyzed from the aspects of temperature, precipitation, runoff and water storage. The results show that the drought began in July and ended in December. The submerged area of the water extends from the center of the lake to the periphery, reaching its maximum value in July and entering the dry season in August. The drought in 2006 is a hydrological drought event dominated by runoff reduction. The drought in 2011 began in April and ended in November, and the drought continued to worsen after September. The area of water submergence increased sharply in June and remained at a relatively high level until August. During the rising period, the water surface was submerged from the center to the surrounding area. The range of water surface variation in the receding period is opposite to that in the flood period. The drought in 2011 is a hydrological and meteorological drought event caused by the decrease of precipitation in the watershed. The results reveal the diversity and complexity of the causes of drought in Dongting Lake area, which have certain guiding and referential significance for the formulation of scientific and reasonable preventive measures against drought disasters and the alleviation of ecological and environmental problems in the region.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2012CB417003) 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所“一三五”战略发展规划项目(NIGLAS2012135001)联合资助
【分类号】：P333;P343.3
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