秦皇岛市节制用水规划及其实施策略研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 15:11

【摘要】：秦皇岛市位于水资源短缺的华北地区的河北省东北部，属“资源性”和“水质性”缺水共存的地区。近年来，随着改革开放的进一步深化，国民经济发展迅速，城市化进程和人民生活水平显著提高。然而，水资源的短缺和污染已经成为制约秦皇岛市可持续发展的瓶颈，而同时水资源的利用效率和管理水平又亟待提高。因此分析秦皇岛市的水资源开发利用现状，研究解决有效的技术措施，实现用水的合理规划，是当前能否实现秦皇岛市水资源的可持续利用和社会永续发展的根本性问题。首先，把综合水资源规划应用到节水领域，提出了综合水资源规划的概念及其实施意义，针对秦皇岛市具体情况，提出了可行的对策。第二，把秦皇岛市的节水作为一个系统进行研究。对秦皇岛市历年的供水、用水、节水和污水处理与回用统计资料及现状进行了调查分析。重点研究了秦皇岛市历年用水的变化特征、节约用水的潜力、对未来需水量进行预测等与节水密切相关的问题，并评价了现实中存在的问题。第三，对秦皇岛市的需水量预测采用了系统动力学的方法，它可以有效的克服传统预测方法的弊端。可以在缺乏基础数据、定量表达式难以建立的情况下，用较少的变量来对系统发展的整体水平进行预测，并保证一定的精确度。该方法分析了社会水循环部分及各因素之间的因果关系并绘制出系统流图，确定了人均综合用水量，污水回用率以及其他变量；同时建立系统动力学方程，确定参数并赋值，将各个方程输入计算软件进行调试得出仿真模型结果，从而预测需水量。依据秦皇岛市总体规划提出的可供水资源量，进行了水资源供需平衡分析，提出了秦皇岛市发展所必需的水资源量。最后，根据秦皇岛市的预测需水量，制定切合实际的节水规划目标及节水实施策略。节水策略主要有开源节流，即开发利用各类水资源和减少水资源的浪费；呼吁水资源主管部门通过制定地区水资源专业规划，优化节水管理，制定配套的政策和保障措施等，保证节水规划按期完成；强化公众水患意识，展开多种途径来节约用水；增加非常规水资源的开发利用，如污水资源化、雨水资源化和海水淡化，等等。
[Abstract]:Qinhuangdao City is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, which is short of water resources. In recent years, with the further deepening of reform and opening up, the rapid development of the national economy, the urbanization process and the people's living standards have improved significantly. However, the shortage and pollution of water resources have become the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of Qinhuangdao City, while the utilization efficiency and management level of water resources need to be improved. Therefore, it is a fundamental problem whether the sustainable utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of society can be realized in Qinhuangdao City at present by analyzing the present situation of water resources exploitation and utilization in Qinhuangdao City, studying and solving the effective technical measures and realizing the rational planning of water resources. Firstly, applying the integrated water resources planning to the field of water saving, this paper puts forward the concept of integrated water resources planning and its implementation significance, and puts forward some feasible countermeasures according to the concrete situation of Qinhuangdao city. Second, Qinhuangdao City as a system of water-saving research. The statistical data and current situation of water supply, water use, water saving, sewage treatment and reuse in Qinhuangdao City were investigated and analyzed. The characteristics of water use in Qinhuangdao over the years, the potential of water saving, the prediction of water demand in the future and the problems related to water saving are emphatically studied, and the problems in reality are evaluated. Thirdly, the system dynamics method is used to forecast the water demand of Qinhuangdao City, which can overcome the disadvantages of the traditional forecasting methods. In the case of the lack of basic data and the difficulty of establishing quantitative expressions, the overall level of system development can be predicted with fewer variables, and a certain degree of accuracy can be guaranteed. The method analyzes the causal relationship between the social water cycle and various factors, and draws the system flow diagram, determines the per capita comprehensive water consumption, sewage reuse rate and other variables, establishes the system dynamics equation, determines the parameters and assigns the value. The simulation model results are obtained by debugging the equations into the calculation software, and the water demand is predicted. According to the quantity of available water resources put forward in the overall plan of Qinhuangdao City, the balance between supply and demand of water resources is analyzed, and the amount of water resources necessary for the development of Qinhuangdao City is put forward. Finally, according to the forecast water demand of Qinhuangdao City, the practical water saving planning target and water saving implementation strategy are formulated. The main strategies for saving water are to open up resources and cut down on expenditure, that is, to develop and utilize all kinds of water resources and reduce the waste of water resources, and to call upon water resources departments to formulate regional water resources professional plans, optimize water saving management, formulate supporting policies and safeguard measures, etc. To ensure the completion of water saving planning on schedule; to strengthen public awareness of flood, to develop a variety of ways to save water; to increase the development and utilization of unconventional water resources, such as sewage resources, Rain Water resources and seawater desalination, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4

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